1 resultado para comparative method
em Boston University Digital Common
Filtro por publicador
- Repository Napier (1)
- Aberystwyth University Repository - Reino Unido (1)
- Adam Mickiewicz University Repository (2)
- AMS Tesi di Dottorato - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (1)
- AMS Tesi di Laurea - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (1)
- Aquatic Commons (5)
- Archive of European Integration (1)
- Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco (1)
- Aston University Research Archive (9)
- Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertações da USP (2)
- Biblioteca Digital | Sistema Integrado de Documentación | UNCuyo - UNCUYO. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CUYO. (1)
- Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados (1)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (13)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (BDPI/USP) (4)
- Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações Eletrônicas da UERJ (2)
- Bioline International (3)
- BORIS: Bern Open Repository and Information System - Berna - Suiça (14)
- Boston University Digital Common (1)
- Brock University, Canada (5)
- Bucknell University Digital Commons - Pensilvania - USA (1)
- Bulgarian Digital Mathematics Library at IMI-BAS (2)
- CaltechTHESIS (1)
- Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (2)
- CentAUR: Central Archive University of Reading - UK (14)
- Central European University - Research Support Scheme (3)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal (14)
- Cochin University of Science & Technology (CUSAT), India (4)
- Collection Of Biostatistics Research Archive (3)
- CORA - Cork Open Research Archive - University College Cork - Ireland (4)
- Dalarna University College Electronic Archive (4)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (2)
- Digital Commons at Florida International University (8)
- Digital Peer Publishing (1)
- DigitalCommons - The University of Maine Research (1)
- DigitalCommons@The Texas Medical Center (4)
- DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln (1)
- Diposit Digital de la UB - Universidade de Barcelona (1)
- DRUM (Digital Repository at the University of Maryland) (1)
- Duke University (4)
- FUNDAJ - Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (1)
- Helda - Digital Repository of University of Helsinki (7)
- Indian Institute of Science - Bangalore - Índia (24)
- INSTITUTO DE PESQUISAS ENERGÉTICAS E NUCLEARES (IPEN) - Repositório Digital da Produção Técnico Científica - BibliotecaTerezine Arantes Ferra (1)
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (1)
- Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal (2)
- Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada - Lisboa (1)
- Memoria Académica - FaHCE, UNLP - Argentina (6)
- Memorial University Research Repository (1)
- Nottingham eTheses (1)
- Plymouth Marine Science Electronic Archive (PlyMSEA) (1)
- Portal de Revistas Científicas Complutenses - Espanha (2)
- Publishing Network for Geoscientific & Environmental Data (1)
- QUB Research Portal - Research Directory and Institutional Repository for Queen's University Belfast (31)
- Queensland University of Technology - ePrints Archive (553)
- RCAAP - Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (3)
- Repositório Aberto da Universidade Aberta de Portugal (1)
- Repositório Alice (Acesso Livre à Informação Científica da Embrapa / Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa) (1)
- Repositório digital da Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV (4)
- Repositório Digital da UNIVERSIDADE DA MADEIRA - Portugal (2)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília (1)
- Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP (1)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (1)
- Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (63)
- RUN (Repositório da Universidade Nova de Lisboa) - FCT (Faculdade de Cienecias e Technologia), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Portugal (1)
- SAPIENTIA - Universidade do Algarve - Portugal (2)
- Universidad de Alicante (2)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (9)
- Universidade Federal do Pará (4)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) (3)
- Universitat de Girona, Spain (3)
- Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, Universität Kassel, Germany (1)
- Université de Lausanne, Switzerland (3)
- Université de Montréal, Canada (11)
- University of Michigan (3)
- University of Queensland eSpace - Australia (10)
- University of Southampton, United Kingdom (1)
- University of Washington (3)
- WestminsterResearch - UK (1)
Resumo:
Intrinsic and extrinsic speaker normalization methods are systematically compared using a neural network (fuzzy ARTMAP) and L1 and L2 K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) categorizers trained and tested on disjoint sets of speakers of the Peterson-Barney vowel database. Intrinsic methods include one nonscaled, four psychophysical scales (bark, bark with endcorrection, mel, ERB), and three log scales, each tested on four combinations of F0 , F1, F2, F3. Extrinsic methods include four speaker adaptation schemes, each combined with the 32 intrinsic methods: centroid subtraction across all frequencies (CS), centroid subtraction for each frequency (CSi), linear scale (LS), and linear transformation (LT). ARTMAP and KNN show similar trends, with K-NN performing better, but requiring about ten times as much memory. The optimal intrinsic normalization method is bark scale, or bark with endcorrection, using the differences between all frequencies (Diff All). The order of performance for the extrinsic methods is LT, CSi, LS, and CS, with fuzzy ARTMAP performing best using bark scale with Diff All; and K-NN choosing psychophysical measures for all except CSi.