6 resultados para persuasion (rhetoric)

em Adam Mickiewicz University Repository


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W tekście autorka pokazuje, czym są definicje retoryczne. Wskazuje ich cechy (nastawienie na odbiorcę, zastąpienie obiektywistycznego punkt widzenia podmiotowym, zsubiektywizowanym sposobem ujmowania świata, celowe uwydatnienie pewnych cech obiektu, a pomniejszenie, a nawet ukrycie innych) i funkcje (wpływanie na sposób postrzegania świata przez odbiorcę, determinowanie lub próba zdeterminowania jego działań mentalnych lub fizycznych). W swoich rozważaniach odnosi się do potencjału perswazyjnego słów, wynikającego po pierwsze z takich cech języka, jak arbitralność i konwencjonalność symboli językowych, po drugie, ze związku języka z procesami poznawczymi. Pokazuje mechanizmy perswazyjne, które definicje retoryczne wykorzystują. Są to 1) mechanizm wspólnoty świata i języka, 2) mechanizm emocjonalizacji odbioru, i 3) mechanizm symplifikacji rozkładu wartości. Materiałem badawczym są definicje hasła gender, które pojawiły się w polskiej debacie publicznej na przełomie 2013 i 2014 roku.

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The purpose of the article is to present John Yench’s a priori language as a continuation of Leibniz’s idea. Before I proceed to show the project of the Inter-Disciplinary International Reference Language, I would like to discuss the development of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s view on artificial languages. I will try to show the evolution of Leibniz’s universal language: from its ideal conception to a tool which formalizes the whole of human knowledge. Also, I will show Leibniz’s influence on further ideas of artificial language. I will compare his projects with Yench’s language – Idirl. An analysis of Idirl’s main assumptions will be useful to show the degree of continuation of Leibniz’s ideas in the a priori language of John Yench.

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This paper focuses on the ethics of metaphor and other forms of comparison that invoke National Socialism and the Holocaust. It seeks to answer the question: Are there criteria on the basis of which we can judge whether metaphors and associated tropes “use” the Holocaust appropriately? In analyzing the thrust and workings of such comparisons, the paper also seeks to identify and clarify the terminology and concepts that allow productive discussion. In line with its conception of metaphor that is also rhetorical praxis, the paper focuses on specific controversies involving the metaphorization of the Holocaust, primarily in Germany and Austria. The paper develops its argument through the following process. First, it examines the rhetorical/political contexts in which claims of the Holocaust’s comparability (or incomparability) have been raised. Second, it presents a review (and view) of the nature of metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. It applies this framework to (a) comparisons of Saddam Hussein with Hitler in Germany in 1991; (b) the controversies surrounding the 2004 poster exhibition “The Holocaust on Your Plate” in Germany and Austria, with particular emphasis on the arguments and decisions in cases before the courts in those countries; and (c) the invocation of “Auschwitz” as metonym and synecdoche. These examples provide the basis for a discussion of the ethics of comparison. In its third and final section the paper argues that metaphor is by nature duplicitous, but that ethical practice involving Holocaust comparisons is possible if one is self-aware and sensitive to the necessity of seeing the “other” as oneself. The ethical framework proposed by the paper provides the basis for evaluationg the specific cases adduced.

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Wydział Historyczny: Instytut Historii Sztuki

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Wydział Neofilologii: Instytut Językoznawstwa

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The paper deals with the reception of Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric (Rhet. I 1355b26–27) in several Byzantine commentators of Hermogenes’ and Aphthonius’ treatises. A justification of critical interpretation of this definition is to be found in the commentaries of Troilus and Athanasius (4th/5th century) as well as Sopatros (6th century) and Doxapatres (11th century), Maximus Planudes (13th/14th century) and several anonymous commentators. The Byzantine tradition has found Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric to be all too theoretical and insufficiently connected to practical activity, which Byzantium identified with political life.