Information Security as Exemplified by Clandestine Collaboration and Influence Exerted by the Polish Internal Security Agency Officers on Journalists - De Lege Lata and De Lege Ferenda Regulations

The text addresses the issue of information security as exemplified by clandestine collaboration and the influence exerted by the Internal Security Agency officers upon journalists. The texts analyzes the de lege lata regulations as well as the de lege ferenda ones. As for the former, the penal provisions of the Act, that is Articles 153b–153d (Chapter 10a) are applicable, whereas as for the latter, the applicable regulations are the 2013 Bill Articles numbered 197-199 (Chapter 10). In both the 2002 Act on the Internal Security Agency and Foreign Intelligence Agency as well as in the 2013 draft Bill of the Internal Security Agency, the legislator penalizes the employment by the officers of the information acquired while fulfilling or in connection with official duties for the purpose of affecting the operation of public authority bodies, entrepreneurs or broadcasters, editors-in-chief, journalists and persons conducting publishing activity. Also, the text analyzes regulations concerned with the penalization of clandestine collaboration engaged in by ABW officers with a broadcaster, editor-in-chief, a journalist and a person conducting publishing activity.

Filmy dla muzyki. Egar Varèse i Bill Viola

Anno Mungen focuses on “films made for music” and on the rare phenomenon of ‘music depicted by picture’ (S. Kracauer). The narration about historical metamorphoses of varied forms of coexistence between music and picture is accompanied by a reflection on the laws of audiovisual perception. The main examples are discussed, these concentrating on the artistic ideas of Walt Disney’s animated film Fantasia and – first of all – on Edgard Varèse’s bold ideal of spatial music, attained post mortem in Bill Viola’s Déserts (1994). After a detailed analysis of Viola’s film the author admits that the movie pictures deduced from music are able to render the latter its own substantial visual power.

The Institution of Transmission Easement in Poland

The text presents an analysis of the institution of transmission easement, which is featured from the perspective of civil-law and public-law relations. The text does not address all the issues related to the institution of transmission easement, that is, no comprehensive analysis of the issues of the grounds for easement establishment, expiry, or remuneration and compensation for easement was conducted. The text presents a general description of the establishment of transmission easement against the backdrop of the Polish Civil Code and the Bill on Transmission Corridors of 18 July 2013, which is currently being drafted. The analysis of the easement institution, apart from the synthetic approach to legal provisions, features a functional and teleological interpretation. It is worth pointing out the aim that the legislator wished to achieve with respect to the work on new considerations both in the domain of the private and public law: 1. the legislator aimed to regulate the disorderly legal status of civil-law relations, but also to avoid dispute in the future, 2. with the aid of new regulations, the legislator wished to respond to the public interest.