Współpraca transgraniczna i regionalna w obszarze Morza Bałtyckiego w latach 1989 -2007

Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa

Problem ubóstwa w Unii Europejskiej

The issues of poverty, famine and malnutrition mainly concern underdeveloped regions. Yet in recent years the proportion of the population threatened with poverty and social exclu- sion has been growing not only in these regions but also in developed areas, including the EU. The issue of poverty is additionally related to demography. In this context, the aging popula- tion of West European countries is worrisome, as the elderly are one of the groups particularly threatened by poverty, and their number continues to grow. Appreciating the gravity of this is- sue, the European Commission considers the fight against poverty to be one of the basic five directions established in the Europe 2020 strategic document.

Robert Heinich, Michael Molenda, James D. Russell, Sharon E. Smaldino, Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1996, ss. 446. Steven Hackbarth, The Educational Technology Handbook. A Comprehensive Guide, Educational Technology Publications Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1996, ss. 351

Recenzje i sprawozdania z książek

Zasada racji dostatecznej w kontekście semantycznej kontrowersji realizm–antyrealizm

"Principle of sufficient reason in the context of the realism-antirealism semantic controversy". The topic of this article is the cognitive and semantic status of Michael Dummett’s principle C. According to the principle, if a statement is true, there must be something in virtue of which it is true. The author suggests the interpretation of principle C in terms of the sufficient reason principle as a contemporary, weaker and semantic counterpart of the classical version of the principle. Considerations include such problems as: the distinction between the reason-consequence relationship and cause-effect relationship; the reductionism and justificationism in the context of the realism-antirealism semantic controversy; the reversibility of reason-consequence relationship and the question of a search for ultimate reasons. The author also distinguishes three forms of the sufficient reason principle: metaphysical, ontological and propositional.