328 resultados para Obserwatorium Astronomiczne UAM
Resumo:
The paper discusses the Polish presidency of the EU Council in terms of its priorities. It analyzes the circumstances of their formulation, selection and implementation. The authors answer the question of what influenced the selection of Polands priorities and what selection mechanisms were applied. Additionally, they examine how the national agenda was concealed in Community rhetoric. Thus, the analytical part discusses the political and legal path that determined the priorities. The EU agenda, Polish ambitions and the context of the trio is also presented. The paper concludes with the authors assessment of the implementation of the priorities.
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Research into borders and frontiers in the context of European integration has evolved, leading to the question of the shape of the external borders of the EU and their organization in relation to the external surroundings. The approach to how the unification processes of the continent are presented has recently changed, and the Union is being perceived through its peripheries. The one-way model of the flow of ideas from the center to the peripheries has been replaced by a two-way one. This allows us to use the Westfalen, imperial and neo-medieval geopolitical model to analyze the EU and, consequently, the four geo-strategies that are regionally diversified in the northern, eastern and southern peripheries of the Union. Nevertheless, it is the periphery that plays the key role and initiates certain types of relations with neighbors, whereas the center approves of them and modifies them, according to its own requirements.
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This study brings closer the problems of a selected group with a handicap deaf people for whom the main mode of communication is the Polish Sign Language. The subject of studies is leisure time, how it is spent by them both everyday and during vacation. The book presents a survey of literature, good practice and also results of the authors own studies conducted in the years 2004-2010, concerning problems of tourism and recreation of the deaf. In the years 2008-2010 studies were conducted within the research project financed by Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyszego (the Ministry of Science and Higher Education). One of the results of work on this project are multimedia programmes tourist guides: SITur and SITex containing a translator of the Polish Sign Language.
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Gwna problematyka zawarta w tekcie dotyczy: (1) znaczenia i zakresu kryzysu w gospodarce i polityce, (2) przyjcia przez pastwo i spoeczestwo logiki racjonalnoci ekonomicznej jako paradygmatu postpowania, (3) przewartociowania pojcia polityki, co wie si m.in. z przyjciem przez rzdzcych roli zarzdcw wybranych sfer pastwa oraz z posugiwaniem si przez nich logik mieszanej racjonalnoci (logik wadzy i logik racjonalnoci ekonomicznej), (4) wyzwa zwizanych z dystrybucj dbr, (5) reprezentacji i legitymizacji w demokracji liberalnej. Gospodarka kapitalistyczna wpywa na wszystkie sfery ycia spoecznego, co zmusza do przedstawienia jej modus operandi. Charakterystyczne cechy oddziaywania to: (1) racjonalno formalna, (2) dogmat efektywnoci i ilociowej mierzalnoci, (3) reprodukcja ideologii mwicej o wolnej woli jednostki, niezalenie od kontekstu spoecznego, (4) wymuszanie odpowiedniej dla siebie reprodukcji siy roboczej, (5) kolonizacja kolejnych sfer aktywnoci spoecznej (np. edukacji i szkolnictwa wyszego), (6) wpyw na wykluczenie grup spoecznych ze wzgldu na poziom zabezpieczenia materialnego. Wszystko to sprowadzi mona do pojcia logiki racjonalnoci ekonomicznej. Rzdzcy posuguj si mieszan strategi, ktra oparta jest na dwch logikach postpowania (1) logice wadzy, (2) logice racjonalnoci ekonomicznej. Logika wadzy to nic innego jak denie do zdobycia i utrzymania wadzy, gdzie wadza sama w sobie staje si celem, natomiast struktury pastwa stanowi przestrze, ktr naley przej lub opanowa. Rzdzcy aby ukry swoj bezideowo i konflikty w walce o przejcie struktur pastwa uprawiaj polityk na zewntrz, ktra przyjmuje form festiwalu agonicznego dyskursu. Taka polityka moliwa jest dziki rozdawnictwu podczas redystrybucji dbr (niezgodnie z racjonalnoci ekonomiczn) lub/i dziki instrumentalnemu traktowaniu dystrybucji uznania. W zwizku z niemonoci utrzymania wysokiego poziomu rozdawnictwa, szczeglnie w sytuacji kryzysu gospodarczego, rzdzcy chtnie posuguj si logik racjonalnoci ekonomicznej. Rozwizania oparte na racjonalnoci ekonomicznej, mimo ich negatywnego odbioru przez spoeczestwo, wprowadzane s przy zastosowaniu argumentacji zagroenia bezpieczestwa (gospodarczego, socjalnego, narodowego itd.). Tym samym pastwo wycofuje si z rzdzenia na rzecz zarzdzania niektrymi sferami pastwa. Nie mona tego nazwa inaczej jak ucieczk od odpowiedzialnoci, co jest szczeglnie zauwaalne w sytuacjach destabilizacji gospodarczej. W takich sytuacjach mamy do czynienia z outsourcingiem zada pastwa, co przyjmowa moe rne formy (1) przenoszenie funkcji na inne instytucje przy zachowaniu kompetencji kontrolnych lub (2) przenoszenie obowizkw na inne wasne instytucje, ktre wczeniej peniy inn rol. Wszystko to mona nazwa rekonfiguracj funkcji pastwa w zwizku z dominacj gospodarki kapitalistycznej i oddziaywaniem logiki racjonalnoci ekonomicznej. W tekcie podjto rwnie problem dystrybucji dbr i uznania, jednake jedynie w aspekcie jej instrumentalizacji przez rzdzcych. Mona wysun tez, e liberalne koncepcje wolnoci jednostki oraz priorytet dla wasnoci prowadz do atwiejszego ideologicznego uzasadnienia stosowania mieszanych strategii i racjonalnoci. W tekcie przedstawiono te tez o instrumentalizacji dystrybucji dbr, tzn. instrumentalnego wykorzystywania dowartociowania rnych mniejszoci w ramach systemu politycznego. Naley te stwierdzi, e dominacja logiki wolnego rynku prowadzi do deprecjacji redystrybucji dbr w stosunku do gloryfikacji problematyki uznania. Tekst jest jedynie zarysowaniem problematyki wyczerpywania si formuy demokracji liberalnej, co przedstawiono na wybranych zagadnieniach. Podjty problem demokracji liberalnej nie skupia si na prbie odtworzenia modelu tego rodzaju demokracji, raczej waniejsze byo stwierdzenie przejmowania w dziaaniu czego, co mona okreli mianem logiki racjonalnoci ekonomicznej. Wart dalszego analizowania jest sama logika mieszanej racjonalnoci, ktr sprowadzono do przenikania si logiki wadzy i logiki racjonalnoci ekonomicznej.
Resumo:
The purpose of this article is to present three selected contemporary socio-cultural constructs of football. Due to its immense popularity and media exposure, this sport is an area of expressing and crystallizing many social trends and concerns as well as the diversity of cultural (re-)adaptation. There is no doubt that football is a sport associated with the male culture. However, in the context of globalization, adapting football for the local requirements of the Japanese consumer market so unexpectedly has brought its feminization. One can even observe an inversion of traditional gender roles in this field: the female audience evaluates and admires the football players male bodies.
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In the paper, the authors present and analyse examples of mistranslated film titles into the Polish language, selected from a database of over 1,100 titles and presented on the sample of the film genre comedy with all its subgenres. The authors discuss various film title translation strategies and procedures with reference to the literature on the subject. In the conclusions, the authors attempt to explain the reasons for the selection of certain translation procedures, with special focus on the free formulation of titles as the least transparent.
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W artykule omwiono rol bilateralnych i multilateralnych umw midzynarodowych w ochronie oraz popularyzacji dziedzictwa kulturowego. Wskazano na potrzeb respektowania zasady pacta sunt servanda w stosunkach midzynarodowych. W rozwaaniach podkrelono, i umowa midzynarodowa jest nie tylko rdem the international law, ale i rodkiem pokojowej wsppracy midzy pastwami i narodami bez wzgldu na ich uwarunkowania spoeczne oraz ustrojowo-prawne.
Resumo:
Wydzia Fizyki
Resumo:
The connection between law and (imaginative) literature can still affect surprisingly. The theme of the present article is to summarize some of the basic features of the movement, which is called Law and Literature and to suggest some starting-points with which it is associated. These starting points include, for instance linguistic conception of law, narratology in law or the relations between law and culture. The article offers an overview of the classical approaches connecting law and literature and mentions the reasons for this connection: e.g. cultivation of law and lawyers, improvement of judicial decisions or improvement of legal interpretation. Some of the findings resulting from the joint of law and literature can be used in practice and goes beyond mere theory. The article is to be seen as an introduction to the movement of Law and Literature, presentation of ideas on which this movement is based and offering the possibility of its further development.
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Trust is a pervasive phenomenon in our lives. We trust our family members and lovers, our physicians and teachers, our politicians and even strangers on the street. Trust has instrumental value for us, but at the same time it is often accompanied by risk. This is the reason why it is important to distinguish trust that is warranted or justified from blind trust. In order to answer the question how trust is justified, however, it is crucial to know exactly what is the fundamental nature of trust. In the paper, I reconstruct three accounts of trust that operate with the assumption that trust is fundamentally a mental state the cognitivist account, the voluntaristic account and the affect-based account. I argue that all of these accounts make reference to deeply held intuitions about trust that are incompatible with each other. As a solution to this unfortunate dialectical situation, I suggest to give up the assumption that trust is primarily a mental state. Instead, I argue for a position according to which trust is best understood as a two-place predicate that characterizes a specific relationship in which we can stand to each other.
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The article discusses a responsibility game which is, in fact a question-answer-game. Firstly, the characteristic of the responsibility game is made. Secondly, the ontology of the responsibility game is settled. Thirdly, the causality of our intentions and the process of decision making are analysed in-depth. Fourthly, the importance of a decision criterion for the process of decisionmaking is proven; whereby, a definition of an action an agent is morally responsible for is finally formulated.
Resumo:
The paper assumes that fear presents a certain degree of ambivalence. To say it with Hans Jonas (1903-1993), fear is not only a negative emotion, but may teach us something very important: we recognize what is relevant when we perceive that it is at stake. Under this respect, fear may be assumed as a guide to responsibility, a virtue that is becoming increasingly important, because of the role played by human technology in the current ecological crisis. Secondly, fear and responsibility concern both dimensions of human action: private-individual and publiccollective. What the heuristics of fear teaches us, is to become aware of a deeper ambivalence, namely the one which characterizes as such human freedom, which may aim to good or bad, to self-preservation or self-destruction. Any public discussion concerning political or economic issues related with human action (at an individual or collective level) ought not to leave this essential idea out of consideration.
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This article presents the Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD ) and explains the integration of the KMDD in ethics lessons. In this paper, some special learning effects of this inclusive teaching and learning method are shown. Furthermore, it investigates the questions of how to achieve more knowledge in ethics lessons by dialogue and how to realize better moral development, particularly by handling of differentiation. Moral education of all participants who are involved in the learning process (learners and teacher alike) is a crucial task of every true inclusion. True inclusion means building optimal learning conditions in keeping with the free will of all participants. Because our society is transforming constantly in both global and demographic aspects, coping with these challenges is mandatory.
