La economía solidaria como movimiento social: el caso de REAS-Navarra

El estudio determina las características de la Economía Solidaria, desde la perspectiva de los movimientos sociales, en el marco del análisis de las auditorías de REASNavarra. Se contextualizan mediante revisión bibliográfica las características, tanto de la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS) como de la Economía Social, y se contrasta con el caso particular de Navarra (España). Para el análisis de dichas auditorías se utilizó un enfoque metodológico longitudinal, resultando del mismo una “foto” representativa del comportamiento de las empresas de REAS-Navarra a lo largo de los años (2009, 2011 y 2013). El estudio concluye que REAS-Navarra, si bien cumple con criterios defendidos desde la Economía Solidaria, presenta debilidades en cuanto a la metodología utilizada para auditar sus empresas, y de los resultados del análisis de las auditorías sociales se desprenden dudas respecto al nivel de autonomía y democracia en estas empresas, lo que puede significar un riesgo para su continuidad.

Distribution patterns of infection with multiple types of human papillomaviruses and their association with risk factors

Background: Infection with multiple types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the main risk factors associated with the development of cervical lesions. In this study, cervical samples collected from 1, 810 women with diverse sociocultural backgrounds, who attended to their cervical screening program in different geographical regions of Colombia, were examined for the presence of cervical lesions and HPV by Papanicolau testing and DNA PCR detection, respectively. Principal Findings: The negative binomial distribution model used in this study showed differences between the observed and expected values within some risk factor categories analyzed. Particularly in the case of single infection and coinfection with more than 4 HPV types, observed frequencies were smaller than expected, while the number of women infected with 2 to 4 viral types were higher than expected. Data analysis according to a negative binomial regression showed an increase in the risk of acquiring more HPV types in women who were of indigenous ethnicity (+37.8%), while this risk decreased in women who had given birth more than 4 times (-31.1%), or were of mestizo (-24.6%) or black (-40.9%) ethnicity. Conclusions: According to a theoretical probability distribution, the observed number of women having either a single infection or more than 4 viral types was smaller than expected, while for those infected with 2-4 HPV types it was larger than expected. Taking into account that this study showed a higher HPV coinfection rate in the indigenous ethnicity, the role of underlying factors should be assessed in detail in future studies.