2 resultados para Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamari

em Academic Archive On-line (Karlstad University


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Because of global warming the energy production development has progressed towards more renewable energy sources. Biomass has great potential in this matter and pellet is already a big market that has increased seven times the past decade. A periodically strained woodchip resource market and statements of short supply in the future has got actors exploring opportunities with other commodities. Grasses such as Canary grass has shown great potential in this matter and in this study a wetland grass is tested as an additive, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, and 1,9%, with spruce woodchips. The test production series was performed at a production unit located at the department of environmental and energy system at Karlstad University, Karlstad. Quality was controlled accordingly to the European standard and parameters such as energy consumption, moisture content, mechanical durability and bulk density was tested. For comparison, a sample with only spruce wood chips was produced, and a sample containing 1% of a commonly used additive, potato starch. The results showed that a decrease in energy consumption with 14% when 2% wetland grass was added, part of the decline may be due to the increased production flow compared with the reference sample. The positive effects on decrease in energy consumption, that 1% potato starch results in, is equal to reults from 1% wetlandgrass. This indicates lubricating properties in wetlandgrass. This is attributed to that herbaceous plants have a high content of extracts such as waxes and that they cause less friction in the press. Tests also showed that pellet with wetland grass did not qualify the European standard in terms of mechanical durability. Extracts can form a weak boundary layer in the pellet and cause this. A possible trend shows a better mechanical durability with more grass in pellets. The presence of different size of particles can be a reason. Moisture content qualifies according to the European standard but is below optimum 8%. This despite to relatively high moisture content in the mixer. Higher moisture content in the press would certainly result in a generally higher quality. Suggestions for future studies are to produce pellets with greater distribution on the wetland grass added, to easier interpret a connection. Also examine the extracts behavior with different moisture content. For a sustainable development accordingly renewable energy it is important to ensure the future commodity market for pellets. Further studies should be performed to help the development of alternative raw materials in conjunction with pellet production.

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Introduktion: Runt 250 000 personer i Sverige är drabbade av hjärtsvikt. Det finns olika grader av hjärtsvikt som påverkar patienters dagliga liv på olika nivåer vilket kan påverka patienters livskvalité. Livskvalité är ett brett begrepp som är multidimensionellt. Patientutbildning är en del av sjuksköterskans profession och syftar till att hjälpa patienter förbättra sin egen hälsa. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa patientutbildningens betydelse för livskvalitén hos patienter med hjärtsvikt. Metod: Under litteraturstudien har Polit och Beck (2016) niostegsmodell använts. Till litteratursökningen användes databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Databassökningen resulterade i 10 artiklar samt två artiklar som söktes manuellt. Artiklarna granskades kritiskt och utgjorde därefter materialet för litteraturstudiens resultat. Resultat: Det slutgiltiga resultatet delades in i två huvudteman vilka var En förändrad tillvaro och Kunskap och trygghet med totalt fem underteman. Slutsats: Litteraturstudien påvisar att patientutbildning kan påverka patienter med hjärtsvikt då livskvalitén generellt har förbättrats för de patienter som erhållit patientutbildning. Litteraturstudien visar att patientutbildning kan ge en förändrad fysisk funktion, socialt och emotionellt stöd, förmåga att utföra egenvård samt ge kunskap, förståelse och kontroll över tillståndet.