The Ballets Russes connection with fashion.

This paper examines the influence that the costume designers of the Ballets Russes, many of whom were important artists from significant art movements of the day, had on contemporaneous fashion. It looks at why in particular the 'Ballets Russes' artists Leon Bakst and Natalia Goncharova went on to involve themselves in actual fashion production and the similarities between their work and the fashion designers producing work at the same time, principally Paul Poiret, Mariano Fortuny and Coco Chanel. Overall, this paper investigates the significance of the cultural times and of the distinct characteristics of the separate art forms, that may have encouraged avant-garde art and fashion to crossover and collaborate so unreservedly.

The 1969 Edition of Ulysses: the making of a Penguin Classic.

The status of Ulysses as a classic in the United Kingdom, and, more specifically, its adoption within the academic canon, resulted from its first publication as a paperback by the Penguin Press in 1969. The decisions that Penguin made about price, size, design, additional matter, and marketing were directed towards enhancing that status. This represented an abandonment of the previous markets for the novel: the avant-garde (and its two subsidiaries—the aspirant high-culture consumer and the fine-book collector) and the pornographic. A discussion of the nature of these markets is integrated with evidence drawn from archival sources.