Successful Improvement of Frequency and Symptoms of Premature Complexes after Oral Magnesium Administration

Background: Premature ventricular and supraventricular complexes (PVC and PsVC) are frequent and often symptomatic. The magnesium (Mg) ion plays a role in the physiology of cell membranes and cardiac rhythm. Objective: We evaluated whether the administration of Mg Pidolate (MgP) in patients with PVC and PsVC is superior to placebo (P) in improving symptoms and arrhythmia frequency. Methods: Randomized double-blind study with 60 consecutive symptomatic patients with more than 240 PVC or PsVC/h on 24-hour Holter monitoring who were selected to receive placebo or MgP. To evaluate symptom improvement, a categorical and a specific questionnaire for symptoms related to PVC and PsVC was made. Improvement in premature complex density (PCD) per hour was considered significant if percentage reduction was >= 70% after treatment. The dose of MgP was 3.0 g/day for 30 days, equivalent to 260mg of Mg element. None of the patients had structural heart disease or renal failure. Results: Of the 60 patients, 33 were female (55%). Ages ranged from 16 to 70 years old. In the MgP group, 76.6% of patients had a PCD reduction >70%, 10% of them >50% and only 13.4% <50%. In the P group, 40% showed slight improvement, <30%, in the premature complexes frequency (p < 0.001). Symptom improvement was achieved in 93.3% of patients in the MgP group, compared with only 16.7% in the P group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Oral Mg supplementation decreases PCD, resulting in symptom improvement. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2012;98(6):480-487)

Redução da densidade de extrassístoles e dos sintomas relacionados após administração de magnésio por via oral

FUNDAMENTO: As extrassístoles ventriculares e supraventriculares (EV e ESSV) são frequentes e muitas vezes sintomáticas. O íon magnésio (Mg) desempenha um papel importante na fisiologia do potencial de ação transmembrana celular e do ritmo cardíaco. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a administração do pidolato de magnésio (PMg) em pacientes com EV e ESSV tem desempenho superior ao uso do placebo (P) na melhora dos sintomas e densidade das extrassístoles (DES). MÉTODOS: Estudo duplo-cego, randomizado, com 60 pacientes sintomáticos consecutivos, com mais de 240/EV ou ESSV ao Holter de 24 horas e selecionados para receber P ou PMg. Para avaliar a melhora da sintomatologia, foi feito um questionário categórico e específico de sintomas relacionados às extrassístoles. Após o tratamento, foi considerada significante uma redução de mais de 70% na DES por hora. A dose do PMg foi de 3,0 g/dia por 30 dias, equivalente a 260 mg do elemento Mg. Nenhum paciente tinha cardiopatia estrutural ou insuficiência renal. RESULTADOS: Dos 60 pacientes estudados, 33 eram do sexo feminino (55%). A faixa etária variou de 16 a 70 anos. No grupo PMg, 76,6% dos pacientes tiveram redução maior que 70%, 10% deles maior que 50% e somente 13,4% tiveram redução menor que 50% na DES. No grupo P, 40% dos pacientes tiveram melhora de apenas 30% na frequência de extrassístoles (p < 0,001). A melhora dos sintomas foi alcançada em 93,3% dos pacientes do grupo PMg, comparada com somente 16,7% do grupo P (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação de Mg via oral reduziu a DES, resultando em melhora dos sintomas.

Pulmonary root translocation in malposition of great arteries repair allows right ventricular outflow tract growth

Objective: Optimal surgical treatment of patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and pulmonary stenosis (PS) remains a matter of debate. This study evaluated the clinical outcome and right ventricle outflow tract performance in the long-term follow-up of patients subjected to pulmonary root translocation (PRT) as part of their surgical repair. Methods: From April 1994 to December 2010, we operated on 44 consecutive patients (median age, 11 months). All had malposition of the great arteries as follows: TGA with VSD and PS (n = 33); double-outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD (n = 7); double-outlet right ventricle with atrioventricular septal defect (n = 1); and congenitally corrected TGA with VSD and PS (n 3). The surgical technique consisted of PRT from the left ventricle to the right ventricle after construction of an intraventricular tunnel that diverted blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. Results: The mean follow-up time was 72 +/- 52.1 months. There were 3 (6.8%) early deaths and 1 (2.3%) late death. Kaplan-Meier survival was 92.8% and reintervention-free survival was 82.9% at 12 years. Repeat echocardiographic data showed nonlinear growth of the pulmonary root and good performance of the valve at 10 years. Only 4 patients required reinterventions owing to right ventricular outflow tract problems. Conclusions: PRT is a good surgical alternative for treatment of patients with TGA complexes, VSD, and PS, with acceptable operative risk, high long-term survivals, and few reinterventions. Most patients had adequate pulmonary root growth and performance. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;143:1292-8)