Experimental Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Coefficients of a Remotely Operated Vehicle Using a Planar Motion Mechanism

The determination of hydrodynamic coefficients of full scale underwater vehicles using system identification (SI) is an extremely powerful technique. The procedure is based on experimental runs and on the analysis of on-board sensors and thrusters signals. The technique is cost effective and it has high repeatability; however, for open-frame underwater vehicles, it lacks accuracy due to the sensors' noise and the poor modeling of thruster-hull and thruster-thruster interaction effects. In this work, forced oscillation tests were undertaken with a full scale open-frame underwater vehicle. These conducted tests are unique in the sense that there are not many examples in the literature taking advantage of a PMM installation for testing a prototype and; consequently, allowing the comparison between the experimental results and the ones estimated by parameter identification. The Morison's equation inertia and drag coefficients were estimated with two parameter identification methods, that is, the weighted and the ordinary least-squares procedures. It was verified that the in-line force estimated from Morison's equation agrees well with the measured one except in the region around the motion inversion points. On the other hand, the error analysis showed that the ordinary least-squares provided better accuracy and, therefore, was used to evaluate the ratio between inertia and drag forces for a range of Keulegan-Carpenter and Reynolds numbers. It was concluded that, although both experimental and estimation techniques proved to be powerful tools for evaluation of an open-frame underwater vehicle's hydrodynamic coefficients, the research provided a rich amount of reference data for comparison with reduced models as well as for dynamic motion simulation of ROVs. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004952]

Emprego de ferramentas numéricas na avaliação do módulo de elasticidade em vigas roliças de madeira

Vigas são elementos estruturais encontrados na maioria das construções civis. Dentre os materiais de engenharia, destaca-se a madeira, por ter resistência mecânica satisfatória aliada a baixa densidade. A madeira roliça apresenta-se como boa solução na confecção de vigas, uma vez que não precisa ser processada, como é o caso da madeira serrada. O projeto de elementos estruturais de madeira requer o conhecimento de suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas, obtidas segundo as premissas de documentos normativos. Em se tratando da madeira roliça, os documentos normativos nacionais que tratam da determinação das propriedades de resistência e rigidez estão vigentes há mais de vinte anos sem revisão técnica. De forma geral, tanto as normas nacionais como as internacionais idealizam geometria troncocônica para as peças roliças de madeira, implicando equações simplificadas incapazes de prever a influência das irregularidades da forma na determinação do módulo de elasticidade longitudinal. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a influência das irregularidades da geometria em peças roliças de madeira Corymbia citriodora e Pinus caribaea no cálculo do módulo de elasticidade longitudinal. Para tanto, utilizou-se do ensaio de flexão estática a três pontos, considerando também um modelo matemático simplificado, assumindo seção circular constante para a forma do elemento. As irregularidades das peças são consideradas nos modelos numéricos, constituídos de elementos finitos de barra e tridimensionais. Os resultados encontrados revelam equivalência estatística entre os módulos de elasticidade para ambas as formas de cálculo, indicando ser plausível a consideração de seção circular constante para as peças de madeira aqui avaliadas.

Effect of sample pre-cracking method and notch geometry in plane strain fracture toughness tests as applied to a PMMA resin

The influence of test method factors (notch shape, square or angular, and pre-cracking method, by tapping onto or pressing a razor blade) on the results obtained in plane strain fracture toughness test according to standard ASTM D5045 using SENB specimens made of a commercial PMMA resin were investigated. Results were analyzed quantitatively by comparing the obtained K-IC values and qualitatively by observing their effect on the Moire fringes observed using photoelasticity, showing that, at 95% significance level, the K-IC values are affected by the pre-cracking method, with the most conservative value being obtained when natural pre-cracks were introduced by tapping onto a razor blade (K-IC = 1.15 +/- 0.11 MPa.m(0.5)). This correlates with a perturbation in the stress field close to the pre-crack tip observed in the photoelasticity test sample when it was introduced by pressing the razor blade. Surprisingly, notch geometry only slightly affects the results. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.