Bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometry for the determination of body composition in rats: effects of high-fat and high-sucrose diets

Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the impedance of Wistar rats treated with high-fat and high-sucrose diets and correlate their biochemical and anthropometric parameters with chemical analysis of the carcass. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were fed a standard (AIN-93), high-fat (50% fat) or high-sucrose (59% of sucrose) diet for 4 weeks. Abdominal and thoracic circumference and body length were measured. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to determine resistance and reactance. Final body composition was determined by chemical analysis. Results Higher fat intake led to a high percentage of liver fat and cholesterol and low total body water in the High-Fat group, but these changes in the biochemical profile were not reflected by the anthropometric measurements or bioelectrical impedance analysis variables. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis changes were not observed in the High-Sucrose group. However, a positive association was found between body fat and three anthropometric variables: body mass index, Lee index and abdominal circumference. Conclusion Bioelectrical impedance analysis did not prove to be sensitive for detecting changes in body composition, but body mass index, Lee index and abdominal circumference can be used for estimating the body composition of rats.

Concentração e redistribuição de nutrientes minerais nos diferentes estádios foliares de seringueira

A seringueira na fase adulta possui um crescimento intermitente com o processo de troca de folhas, que é caracterizado pela senescência. Esse é um mecanismo que as árvores utilizam para reciclarem os nutrientes, por meio dos ciclos bioquímico e biogeoquímico. Estudos sobre o ciclo bioquímico são necessários para verificar o comportamento dos nutrientes minerais, nos diferentes estádios foliares, pois a conservação desses é importante, visto que os seringais são implantados em solos de baixa fertilidade. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a dinâmica dos nutrientes minerais, durante os diferentes estádios foliares da seringueira. As folhas utilizadas foram provenientes de plantas do clone RRIM-600, de um seringal localizado em Nepomuceno, MG. Foram selecionadas oito árvores adultas que possuíam folhas nos diferentes estádios (B1, B2, C e D) e as senescentes (Sen.). As folhas nos estádios B1, B2, C e D foram coletadas nos quatro pontos ortogonais e as senescentes foram coletadas no solo após a agitação mecânica dos galhos. Observou-se que os nutrientes N, P, K, S, Cu e Zn diminuíram os seus teores nos diferentes estádios foliares da seringueira. No entanto, para Ca, Mg, B, Fe e Mn, verificarou-se um comportamento inverso. A redistribuição dos nutrientes foi maior para N, P, K e Cu. A ordem relativa dos teores de macronutrientes encontrados nas folhas foi: N>K>Ca>Mg>S>P e, para os micronutrientes, a ordem foi: Mn>Fe>Zn>B>Cu.

Prodromal Questionnaire: translation, adaptation to Portuguese and preliminary results in ultra-high risk individuals and first episode psychosis

OBJECTIVE: The Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) is a 92-item self-report screening tool for individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) to develop psychosis. This study aims to present the translation to Portuguese and preliminary results in UHR and first episode (FE) psychosis in a Portuguese sample. METHODS: The PQ was translated from English to Portuguese by two bilingual researchers from the research program on early psychosis of the Instituto de Psiquiatria HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil (ASAS - "Evaluation and Follow up of Adolescents and Young Adults in São Paulo") and back translated by two other researchers. The study participants (n = 11-) were evaluated through the Portuguese version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) and SIPS. RESULTS: The individuals at UHR (n = 7) presented a lower score than first episode patients (n = 4). The UHR mean scores and standard deviation on Portuguese version of the PQ were: 13.0 ± 10.0 points on positive symptoms subscale, and FE patients: 33.0 ± 10.0. CONCLUSION: The UHR and FE patients' of this study presented PQ scores similar to the ones found in the literature; what suggests that it is possible to use the PQ in Brazilian help-seeking individuals as a screening tool.