Criança dependente de tecnologia: a experiência do cuidado materno

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender a experiência materna no cuidado ao filho dependente de tecnologia. Utilizamos a abordagem do estudo de caso etnográfico tendo como instrumentos de coleta de dados os genograma e ecomapa, entrevista aberta e observação. Os dados foram organizados em três unidades de significados: a busca pelas causas e por culpados; a alta hospitalar e as demandas para o cuidado e as redes de apoio. O estudo permitiu conhecer a experiência materna em busca por explicações, bem como os sentimentos de desconfiança, insegurança e insatisfação relacionados ao serviço de saúde. Ainda a apropriação da mãe em relação aos cuidados à criança e no que se refere à organização do ambiente domiciliar para recebê-la, a utilização das redes de apoio, destacando a carência de vínculos com familiares e vizinhos e a busca formal e informal para garantir a subsistência da criança doente e dos demais filhos.

Local Knowedge and Citizenship: the communitarian health agents

Discussions about the new meaning of citizenship, valuing differences and respecting knowledge diversity bring the question of how public policies can be locally rooted to ensure access to diversity. This is evident when we deal with health policies, where the interaction between implementers and beneficiaries is essential to understand the results of the policy. The Family Health Program (FHP) has tried to change the relationship between state and society, bringing health professionals with the daily experienced by the users where there is (re) production of the components that lead to insecurity, poor health and disease. To analyse this kind of policy we must take into account the interaction processes and the practices of the actors involved in the FHP implementation. This article aims to analyze the role of Health Communitarian Agents (HCA) as FHP implementers. Through ethnographic research followed the practices of ACS in different cities, we seek to understand how they deal with their different knowledge, enable and disable referrals and adapt action to enact the program. We want to understand how they use mediations and interactions in their practices and built policies locally rooted, constructing alternative ways to implement these policies.

The participation of the nutritionist in Primary Health Care in a large urban center

Nutritionists are important professionals for ensuring the implementation of health promotion, treatment and rehabilitation. However, their participation in primary healthcare from a quantitative standpoint is limited. The city of Sao Paulo has experienced an uneven urbanization process triggering new problems of insecurity in terms of food and nutrition. This article analyzes the performance of the primary healthcare nutritionist in a large urban center. It is a quantitative study that used data from the Municipal Health Department, population data of Sao Paulo and a semi-structured questionnaire applied in individual interviews. All regions of the city are found to have fewer nutritionists than the recommendation of the Federal Council of Nutritionists. There are 123 nutritionists in the basic healthcare network and 51 in the Family Health Support Nuclei (FHSN) (57.3%). Each nutritionist from the FHSN accompanies 7.1 family health strategy teams on average. The age groups corresponding to children are less frequently seen by nutritionists. Comparing the activities, the transition from a model of primary health care focused on individual care to a model that prioritizes group care was observed.

What do medical students think about their quality of life? A qualitative study

Background: Medical education can affect medical students' physical and mental health as well as their quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess medical students' perceptions of their quality of life and its relationship with medical education. Methods: First-to sixth-year students from six Brazilian medical schools were interviewed using focus groups to explore what medical student's lives are like, factors related to increases and decreases of their quality of life during medical school, and how they deal with the difficulties in their training. Results: Students reported a variety of difficulties and crises during medical school. Factors that were reported to decrease their quality of life included competition, unprepared teachers, excessive activities, and medical school schedules that demanded exclusive dedication. Contact with pain, death and suffering and harsh social realities influence their quality of life, as well as frustrations with the program and insecurity regarding their professional future. The scarcity of time for studying, leisure activities, relationships, and rest was considered the main factor of influence. Among factors that increase quality of life are good teachers, classes with good didactic approaches, active learning methodologies, contact with patients, and efficient time management. Students also reported that meaningful relationships with family members, friends, or teachers increase their quality of life. Conclusion: Quality of teachers, curricula, healthy lifestyles related to eating habits, sleep, and physical activity modify medical students' quality of life. Lack of time due to medical school obligations was a major impact factor. Students affirm their quality of life is influenced by their medical school experiences, but they also reframe their difficulties, herein represented by their poor quality of life, understood as necessary and inherent to the process of becoming doctors.

Segurança alimentar em domicílios chefiados por idosos, Brasil

A segurança alimentar nos domicílios chefiados por idosos tem uma dimensão especial no que se refere às condições de saúde e bem-estar, uma vez que parece evidente a importância de garantir a este contingente populacional a possibilidade de continuar a contribuir na sociedade de forma ativa e produtiva. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de insegurança alimentar em domicílios cujos chefes são idosos, segundo características sociodemográficas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo descritivo com domicílios cujos chefes têm 60 anos ou mais de idade declarada, selecionados da Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD 2004. Empregou-se a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, classificando-se os domicílios em segurança alimentar e insegurança alimentar leve, moderada e grave. A análise descritiva dos dados incluiu a distribuição de frequência dos domicílios de acordo com os níveis de insegurança alimentar nos estratos das variáveis sociodemográficas, levando-se em consideração o efeito do desenho. RESULTADOS: O estudo mostrou que 29,8% dos domicílios se encontravam na condição de insegurança alimentar e que tal condição estava significativamente associada com regiões menos abastadas (Norte/Nordeste, rural), com os segmentos populacionais mais desfavorecidos (mais pobres e menos escolarizados) e, ainda com características de gênero (mulheres) e raciais (indígenas, pardos e pretos) as quais sabidamente ocupam os níveis inferiores da hierarquia social. CONCLUSÃO: A distribuição da insegurança alimentar em domicílios chefiados por idosos segue tendência similar dos domicílios brasileiros, ratificando a maior prevalência desta condição nos estratos socioeconômicos mais desfavorecidos da população ou entre características associadas à pobreza.