Estratégia internacional de uma multinacional emergente brasileira: o caso JBS

Este estudo preocupa-se em questionar se as teorias tradicionais de internacionalização são adequadas para explicar a expansão internacional das multinacionais de países emergentes. Procurando avançar nessa questão, investigam-se as estratégias de internacionalização adotadas pela JBS, multinacional brasileira do setor frigorífico. Os resultados evidenciam que a empresa adotou duas das cinco estratégias genéricas específicas ao contexto de países emergentes sugeridas por Ramamurti e Singh (2009): consolidador global e integrador vertical. Além disso, ao analisar a internacionalização da empresa em estudo, chama atenção a velocidade do processo, em comparação às multinacionais tradicionais. Conclui-se que o principal modo de entrada que possibilitou a expansão internacional foi a aquisição e que essa trouxe vantagens à empresa, como o acesso a recursos estratégicos, o crescimento rápido, a possível superação da liability of foreignness, a oportunidade para competir globalmente e a diversificação dos segmentos de atuação que geram sinergias às atividades da empresa.

The Evolution of Diet and Microhabitat Use in Pseudoboine Snakes

Reflecting their exceptional radiation, snakes occur in different habitats and microhabitats and are able to eat numerous types of prey. The availability of good and comprehensive phylogenies for different snake’s lineages together with natural history data provides an opportunity to explore how ecological traits diversified during their radiation. In the present study, we describe the diet and microhabitat variation (arboreal or non-arboreal) in the tribe Pseudoboini and explore how these traits evolved during the tribe’s diversification. We analyzed specimens deposited in scientific collections and gathered information on diet and microhabitat use available in the literature and provided by other researchers. We also mapped diet and microhabitat data onto a phylogeny of the tribe using the principle of parsimony. Pseudoboine snakes feed mainly on lizards and small mammals, and of the 22 species for which a minimum number of prey records was obtained, nine are diet generalists, six are lizard specialists, three are small mammal specialists, two are snake specialists, one is a lizard egg specialist, and one is a bird egg specialist. The highly diverse feeding habits of pseudoboines seem to have evolved mainly in the terminal taxa. Among those species that had enough microhabitat data (17 species), Drepanoides anomalus, Siphlophis cervinus, S. compressus, and S. pulcher frequently use the vegetation. Our results indicate that an increase in arboreality evolved several times during the diversification of the tribe, and that the Siphlophis clade seems to have maintained the high degree of arboreality from its ancestor. Species that frequently use vegetation are either lizard or lizard egg specialists, indicating that these habits might be associated in the evolution of pseudoboines.