Social Mobilization in Health and Sanitation in an Action Research Process in an Indigenous Community in Northwestern Amazon

The living conditions of the inhabitants of Iauarete, an indigenous area in the municipality of Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, State of Amazonas (Northern Brazil), have been negatively affected by population density, poor sanitation and maintenance of sanitation practices that are incompatible with that reality. To improve the population's quality of life, sanitation systems that are adequate to the local socio-cultural characteristics should be implemented, as well as educational processes with emphasis on social mobilization and community empowerment. The aim of this paper is to report and discuss a training course on health and sanitation using action research, directed to the mobilization of the Iauarete indigenous people, with the objective of assisting other studies of this nature. In the meetings, issues related to environmental health were discussed, a Community Newspaper was constructed, the course participants made interviews and drew up claims documents. This experience has enhanced the participants' understanding of local problems and of the importance of social mobilization for the dialogue with governmental institutions that are responsible for providing sanitation services and for seeking better living conditions. The researchers and teachers of the training course benefitted from the construction of collective knowledge resulting from interaction with subjects of the investigated situation and from the recognition and redefinition of their representations, fulfilling the fundamental premise of action research.

Hunting practices among the Awá-Guajá: towards a long-term analysis of sustainability in an Amazonian indigenous community

Indigenous Reserves have played an indispensable role in maintaining forest areas in the Neotropics. In the Amazon there is a clear correlation between these reserves and the presence of forest cover; however, the simple presence of uninterrupted vegetation is no guarantee for the conservation of biodiversity, especially where hunting is practiced. This study describes hunting practices among the Awá-Guajá people from 1993 through 1994, also identifying sociocultural, technological, and demographic changes that have influenced their resource acquisition strategies over the last two decades. The data was obtained through ethnographic fieldwork, recording 78 days of foraging returns, with follow-up visits through 2010. This work provides useful information for an effective diachronic analysis of hunting in this community, by revealing foraging patterns of the early to mid-1990s, and describing community transformations over the last two decades in this locale.

Mobilização social em saúde e saneamento em processo de pesquisa-ação em uma comunidade indígena no noroeste amazônico

As condições de vida dos habitantes de Iauaretê, área indígena no município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, AM, têm sido afetadas negativamente devido à concentração populacional, ao precário saneamento e à manutenção de práticas sanitárias incompatíveis com essa realidade, sendo desejável, para melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, a implantação de sistemas de saneamento adequados às características socioculturais locais e a utilização de processos educativos com ênfase na mobilização social e no fortalecimento comunitário (empoderamento). O objetivo deste texto é relatar e discutir um curso de formação em saúde e saneamento, utilizando como estratégia a pesquisa-ação, voltada para a mobilização dos indígenas de Iauaretê, visando subsidiar outros estudos dessa natureza. Nos encontros foram abordados temas relacionados à saúde ambiental, construiu-se um Jornal Comunitário, os participantes do curso aplicaram entrevistas e elaboraram documentos reivindicatórios. Essa experiência propiciou aos participantes maior compreensão da problemática local e da importância da mobilização social para a interlocução com instituições governamentais responsáveis pela oferta de serviços de saneamento e para a busca de melhores condições de vida; aos pesquisadores e docentes do curso, a construção de um saber coletivo resultante da interação com os sujeitos da situação investigada, bem como pelo reconhecimento e ressignificação das representações destes, atendendo premissa fundamental da pesquisa-ação.