Queixa subjetiva de comprometimento da memória em idosos saudáveis: influência de sintomas depressivos, percepção de estresse e autoestima

O presente estudo analisou a relação entre percepção de estresse, sintomas depressivos e autoestima em idosos com e sem queixa subjetiva de comprometimento de memória. Foram incluídos 204 idosos (104 sem e 100 com queixa de memória) avaliados a partir do instrumento Memory Assessment Complain Questionnaire (MAC-Q). O protocolo de estudo incluiu a Escala de Estresse Percebido (EEP), a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) e a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (EAE). Os idosos com queixa de comprometimento apresentaram escores significativamente maiores na EEP e GDS e menores na EAE (p < 0.001). Foi observada correlação negativa entre o escore do MAC-Q e EPP (p < 0.001) e EAE (p = 0.01). A análise de regressão multivariada identificou somente o estresse como fator preditor da queixa subjetiva de memória. Esses dados sugerem que a percepção de estresse e os sintomas depressivos estão associados com a queixa de memória em idosos.

Do the physical discomforts from breast cancer treatments affect the sexuality of women who underwent mastectomy?

The objective of this integrative review is to analyze the scientific production addressing the sexuality of women with breast cancer following mastectomy, focused on the effects that the physical discomfort due to cancer treatments have on their sex life. The search included articles published in the period between 2000 and 2009 on the MEDLINE, LILACS and PsycINFO databases, using the following descriptors: mastectomy, breast neoplasms, sexuality, sexual behavior, amputation, psychosexual development, and marital relations. Nine articles were selected, which addressed the effects of the physical discomfort from cancer treatments on the patients' sexuality. The findings revealed that, even when the patient's sex life is intense and fulfilling before the disease, factors such as stress, pain, fatigue, insult to body image, and low self-esteem due to the treatments may alter the sexual functioning of the affected woman. Healthcare professionals must be sensitized in order to welcome and include the topic in policies as well as in preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ADULTS WITH MOOD DISORDERS: RESULTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL MOOD DISORDERS COLLABORATIVE PROJECT

Objective: We sought to determine whether a reported history of childhood adversity is associated with components of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III)-defined metabolic syndrome in adults with mood disorders. Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis of adult outpatients (N = 373; n = 230 female, n = 143 male; mean age [SD] = 42.86 [14.43]) from the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project (University of Toronto and Cleveland Clinic) with DSM-IV-defined major depressive disorder and bipolar I/II disorder. Childhood adversity was measured with the Klein Trauma & Abuse-Neglect self-report scale. The groups with and without childhood adversity were compared to determine possible differences in the rates of metabolic syndrome and its components. Logistic and linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, education, employment status, and smoking were used to evaluate the association between childhood adversity and components of metabolic syndrome. Results: For the full sample, 83 subjects (22.25%) met criteria for metabolic syndrome. Individuals reporting a history of any childhood adversity had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic: p = 0.040; diastolic: p = 0.038). Among subjects with a history of sexual abuse, a significant proportion met criteria for obesity (45.28% vs. 32.88%; p = 0.010); a trend toward overweight was found for subjects with a history of physical abuse (76.32% vs. 63.33%; p = 0.074), although this relationship did not remain significant after adjusting for potential confounders. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall rate of dyslipidemia and/or metabolic syndrome between subjects with and without childhood adversity. Conclusion: The results herein provide preliminary evidence suggesting that childhood adversity is associated with metabolic syndrome components in individuals with mood disorders. Int'l. J. Psychiatry in Medicine 2012;43:165-177)

Improvement of Older Women's Sexuality Through Emancipatory Education

The purpose of this action research (AR) was to explore the ways in which sexuality is experienced daily and to improve the expression of older women's sexuality. The pedagogy of autonomy as proposed by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire theoretically supported this AR, with the participation of six older adult women living in a rural setting in southwest Brazil. The older women's experiences regarding sexuality, their concerns, and their educational demands could be summarized through five phrases: the improvement of self-esteem as a way to promote sexuality; sexuality impaired by loneliness and lack of affection; men's sexual satisfaction seen as a woman's obligation; women's sexuality controlled by the society; and relinquishment of the companion to attend to the expectations of family members. Dialogical and participative educational approaches and continuous observation-participation strategies were performed to support the women's care and educational requirements.

Clinical correlates of social adjustment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Background: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently show poor social adjustment, which has been associated with OCD severity. Little is known about the effects that age at symptom onset, specific OCD symptoms, and psychiatric comorbidities have on social adjustment. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical correlates of social functioning in OCD patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 815 adults with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD participating in the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. Patients were assessed with the Social Adjustment Scale, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Clinical correlates of social adjustment were assessed with generalized linear models with gamma distribution. Results: Poor overall social functioning was associated with greater OCD severity (p = 0.02); hoarding symptoms (p = 0.004); sexual/religious obsessions (p = 0.005); current major depressive disorder (p = 0.004); current post-traumatic stress disorder (p = 0.002); and current eating disorders (p = 0.02). Poor social adjustment was also associated with impaired quality of life. Conclusions: Patients with OCD have poor social functioning in domains related to personal relationships and professional performance. Hoarding symptoms and sexual/religious obsessions seem to have the strongest negative effects on social functioning. Early age at OCD symptom onset seems to be associated with professional and academic underachievement and impairment within the family unit, whereas current psychiatric comorbidity worsen overall social functioning. In comparison with quality of life, social adjustment measures seem to provide a more comprehensive overview of the OCD-related burden. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aspectos cognitivos do falar em público: validação de uma escala de autoavaliação para universitários brasileiros

CONTEXTO: O falar em público é o medo mais prevalente na população geral e no Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS). Assim sendo, estudos que dimensionem essa situação específica são necessários. OBJETIVOS: Validar a Self Statements during Public Speaking (SSPS) em amostra da população geral de estudantes universitários (PG - n = 2.314), casos (C - n = 88) e não casos de TAS (NC - n = 90) do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Conduziu-se o estudo em duas fases: a) preenchimento dos questionários autoaplicados em sala de aula; b) participação em entrevista telefônica e ao vivo. RESULTADOS: Evidenciaram-se correlações baixas/moderadas entre SSPS e Inventário de Fobia Social (PG = 0,22-0,65; C = 0,28-0,32; NC = 0,21-0,30), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (PG = 0,18-0,53; C = 0,25-0,33; NC = 0,22-0,25) e Escala Breve de Fobia Social (C = não significativa, NC = 0,23-0,31) nas diferentes amostras, especialmente para a PG. A análise fatorial apontou a presença de dois fatores, associados à autoavaliação positiva e negativa. O estudo da validade discriminativa evidenciou a capacidade da SSPS de discriminar os casos dos não casos de TAS. CONCLUSÃO: A SSPS é adequada para uso no contexto brasileiro, sendo que a subescala autoavaliação positiva parece ser mais efetiva para a avaliação de amostras identificadas ou suspeitas de TAS e a subescala autoavaliação negativa ter uma característica mais rastreadora quando aplicada em amostras da população geral.

A percepção do autoconceito e sua influência no desempenho motor em crianças e adolescentes

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção do autoconceito e sua relação com o desempenho motor de adolescentes analisados por gênero e faixa etária. Foram avaliados 144 adolescentes entre 10 e 14 anos (65 meninos). A mensuração do autoconceito foi realizada por meio de um inventário (PIERS; HARRIS; HERZBERG, 2002) e os testes motores utilizados para a avaliação do desempenho motor seguiram as padronizações da American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation and Dance (1988) - agilidade e impulsão vertical, a dinamometria (SOARES; SESSA, 2001) e o teste de resistência aeróbia (LÉGER et al., 1988). Para a equivalência dos resultados produzidos pelos testes motores foi utilizado o escore Z. Para a distribuição da amostra em grupos etários e por gênero foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. A comparação intragrupos do desempenho motor (baixo DB, médio DM, alto DA) e do autoconceito foi realizada por procedimentos não paramétricos Wilcoxon e Kruskal-Wallis Anova (p<0,05). Os achados finais mostraram que a idade influenciou negativamente a percepção do autoconceito e que os alunos com melhor desempenho motor apresentaram também valores superiores na percepção do autoconceito em relação aos seus pares.