Distribution of the CCR5delta32 allele (gene variant CCR5) in Rondonia, Western Amazonian region, Brazil

Since around 1723, on the occasion of its initial colonization by Europeans, Rondonia has received successive waves of immigrants. This has been further swelled by individuals from northeastern Brazil, who began entering at the beginning of the twentieth century. The ethnic composition varies across the state according to the various sites of settlement of each wave of immigrants. We analyzed the frequency of the CCR5 Delta 32 allele of the CCR5 chemokine receptor, which is considered a Caucasian marker, in five sample sets from the population. Four were collected in Porto Velho, the state capital and the site of several waves of migration. Of these, two, from the Hospital de Base were comprised of HB Mothers and HB Newborns presenting allele frequencies of 3.5% and 3.1%, respectively, a third from the peri-urban neighborhoods of Candelaria/Bate-Estaca (1.8%), whereas a fourth, from the Research Center on Tropical Medicine/CEPEM (0.6%), was composed of malaria patients under treament. The fifth sample (3.4%) came from the inland Quilombola village of Pedras Negras. Two homozygous individuals (CCR5 Delta 32/CCR5 Delta 32) were detected among the HB Mother samples. The frequency of this allele was heterogeneous and higher where the European inflow was more pronounced. The presence of the allele in Pedras Negras revealed European miscegenation in a community largely comprising Quilombolas.

BRAZILIAN MOSQUITO (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) FAUNA. I. Anopheles SPECIES FROM PORTO VELHO, RONDONIA STATE, WESTERN AMAZON, BRAZIL

This study contributes to knowledge of Anopheles species, including vectors of Plasmodium from the western Brazilian Amazon in Porto Velho, Rondonia State. The sampling area has undergone substantial environmental changes as a consequence of agricultural and hydroelectric projects, which have caused intensive deforestation and favored habitats for some mosquito species. The purpose of this study was to diagnose the occurrence of anopheline species from collections in three locations along an electric-power transmission line. Each locality was sampled three times from 2010 to 2011. The principal adult mosquitoes captured in Shannon trap were Anopheles darlingi, An. triannulatus, An. nuneztovari l.s., An. gilesi and An. costai. In addition, larvae were collected in ground breeding sites for Anopheles braziliensis, An. triannulatus, An. darlingi, An. deaneorum, An. marajoara, An. peryassui, An. nuneztovari l.s. and An. oswaldoi-konderi. Anopheles darlingi was the most common mosquito in the region. We discuss Culicidae systematics, fauna distribution, and aspects of malaria in altered habitats of the western Amazon.

Natural infection of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by trypanosomatids in two different environments in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, State of Rondonia, Brazil

Introduction: This study analyzed the occurrence and the contamination of triatomines by trypanosomatids in Orbignya speciosa (babassu) specimens in the State of Rondonia, Brazil, in two different environments (pasture and woods). Methods: Capture of triatomines on babassus and microscopic search for trypanosomatids in their digestive tube were carried out. Results: Four hundred ninety-four (494) specimens were captured (Rhodnius prolixus and R.robustus), of which 35.6% of the triatomines were positive for trypanosomatids. Conclusions: The high index of natural infection along with the abundance of triatomines points out to the necessity to create an epidemiological surveillance system to monitor vector-borne transmission and deepen the studies on the ecology of such vectors in the Amazon.

Description of Rhodnius montenegrensis n. sp (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) from the state of Rondonia, Brazil

We present here a multisource approach that takes advantage of several disciplines to address a taxonomic issue. A triatomine related to Rhodnius robustus Larrousse, 1927 was recently found in the state of Rondonia, Brazil. The name Rhodnius montenegrensis n. sp. is suggested because it was found in the municipality of Monte Negro. The main differences between these two species can be detected in the female and male genitalia, but there are also noticeable differences in their eggs. Molecular analysis using PCR-RFLP technique and Bayesian inferences based on a fragment of the Cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene corroborated the morphological findings. We used this integrative approach to address the taxonomic decision for a new Rhodnius species and its relationship with others of this genus. Results obtained herein stress that morphology must be used as the major approach for obtaining phenotypic information, and molecular data should be taken as a complementary tool.

Ocupação, bem-estar e satisfação de vida: a experiência de um modelo alternativo de estágio em terapia ocupacional na Austrália

Apresenta-se um modelo alternativo de estágio em terapia ocupacional desenvolvido na Deakin University - Austrália, denominado Ocupação, bem-estar e satisfação de vida - Occupation, wellness and life-satisfaction (OWLS). O OWLS oferece, aos estudantes, a oportunidade de atuação em contextos não tradicionais, permitindo um aprendizado estratégico em ambientes não clínicos, incluindo o trabalho com outros profissionais não-terapeutas ocupacionais e com diferentes culturas de trabalho e práticas, em resposta a lacunas identificadas na comunidade. Favorece oportunidades para desenvolver habilidades, tais como: a promoção da saúde, avaliação e educação em saúde e intervenção em escolas, melhorando, assim, a saúde e o bem-estar da comunidade. O programa tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos, com resultados positivos alcançados pelos estudantes, representando uma importante estratégia de ensino para capacitação do profissional de terapia ocupacional, ampliando, assim, a área de atuação.

Survey of hearing disorders in an urban population in Rondonia, Northern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of hearing loss for the population in the urban area. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey based on the World Health Organization Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol was conducted in 298 households in the urban area of Monte Negro, Rondonia, Northern Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Ear examinations, behavioral audiometry and pure tone audiometry were conducted on 577 individuals. RESULTS: The results showed that 3.8% (95%CI 2.17;5.45) of population were classifi ed in the disabling hearing impairment category. The prevalence of moderate hearing impairment was 3.4%; severe impairment was 0.4%; and profound hearing impairment was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The impairing hearing loss prevalence found in this study is within of the international prevalence for this level of hearing loss and smaller than observed in a previous study in the South region of Brazil.

Estimativas de taxas de sedimentação utilizando as partículas esferoidais carbonosas(SCPS) e eventos de ocupação humana na região da zona costeira Amazônica, Brasil

A queima de combustíveis fósseis é uma das atividades antrópicas mais importantes desde períodos remotos até os dias atuais. Assim, o estudo de indicadores de processos de combustão, em colunas sedimentares, possibilita estabelecer o histórico dos eventos de ocupação humana em uma região. As partículas esferoidais carbonosas (do inglês, Spheroidal Carbonaceous Particles, SCPs) são formadas de carbono elementar e geradas nos processos de queima de combustíveis fósseis. São partículas quimicamente estáveis e resistentes, não susceptíveis a alterações pósdeposicionais e degradação. Devido à ausência de fontes naturais, são associadas à deposição atmosférica de material antrópico. Assim, os registros dessas partículas possibilitam a associação com os principais eventos antrópicos. As principais variações na concentração das SCPs ao longo de um perfil vertical em conjunto com a data de ocorrência dos eventos de ocupação humana e industrial numa região podem ser utilizadas para estimar as taxas de sedimentação, servindo de subsidio para a obtenção um modelo geocronológico local.