3 resultados para Romance negro

em Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo


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O presente artigo busca explicitar o conceito de ironia na Teoria do romance. A explicitação do conceito de ironia se desdobrará num desenvolvimento duplo: como exigência normativo-composicional e como radicalização subjetiva que excede a normatividade. No primeiro sentido, a ironia configura subjetivamente uma totalidade na obra épica, partindo da sua fragmentação objetiva nas relações sociais modernas. Nessa acepção, a ironia se apresenta como uma manobra subjetiva a serviço da normatividade épica do romance, pois sua finalidade é harmonizar o ideal subjetivo com a objetividade histórica burguesa. Seu paradigma é representado, neste artigo, por Goethe. O outro sentido pelo qual a ironia romântica aparece é demarcado pela forma extremada da subjetividade. Esta, reconhecendo uma impossibilidade de realização de seu ideal harmônico na modernidade, porque o mundo moderno se lhe apresenta como uma efetividade oposta aos anseios subjetivos, refugia-se na própria interioridade e se distancia do mundo presente, buscando refúgio em tempos e lugares mais propícios à realização poética. Novalis é o modelo dessa ironia radicalizada. Essa forma irônica, ao contrário da "cadência irônica" de Goethe, aniquila a forma romance, uma vez que o aspecto subjetivo da pura reflexão, a lírica, se sobrepõe à objetividade histórica presente que o romance também necessariamente deve encerrar.

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Introduction: Entamoeba histolytica infections were investigated in residents of the Ariquemes and Monte Negro municipalities in Rondônia State, Brazil. Methods: Stool samples of 216 individuals were processed by the spontaneous sedimentation method and analyzed by microscopy for detection of the E. histolytica/E. dispar complex, followed by the immunoassay method using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based kit for the E. histolytica stool antigen. Results: E. histolytica/E. dispar cysts were present in 61% (50/82) and 44% (59/134) of the samples from Ariquemes and Monte Negro respectively, with a significant difference in the occurrence of infection between the two populations [p < 0.05; χ2 = 5.2; odds ratio = 2.0 (1.1 - 3.6)]. The E. histolytica antigen detection rate was 36.6% (30/82) for stool samples from Ariquemes, and 19.4% (26/134) for stool taken from the residents of Monte Negro. The rate of the occurrence of amoebiasis was significantly higher in the population from Ariquemes [p < 0.05; χ2= 7.8; odds ratio = 2.4 (1.2 - 4.7)]. Discussion: Due to the high occurrence of E. histolytica infected residents diagnosed in the region and the unavailability in local clinics of a test to distinguish between the two Entamoeba species, physicians should consider treating E. histolytica/E.dispar infections. Conclusion: The results indicate that E. histolytica infection is highly endemic in the studied areas.

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INTRODUCTION: This work was carried out on the purpose of identifying the species of phlebotomine sandflies in the municipality of Monte Negro, state of Rondonia, Brazil, that may have been transmitting the American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), and concisely describe epidemiological aspects of disease. METHODS: The epidemiologic and socioeconomical indicators were obtained from government institutions and the local Municipal Secretary of Health. Phlebotomine sandflies were captured using CDC light traps between July 2006 to July 2008. The total of 1,240 of female sandflies were examined by PCR method directed to k-DNA. RESULTS: There has been a significant decrease in the incidence of ACL of about 50% over the last ten years in the municipality. A total of 1,935 specimens of 53 sandfly species were captured, three of the genus Brumptomyia genus and 50 of the genus Lutzomyia. The predominant species was Lutzomyia acanthopharynx, Lutzomyia whitmani, Lutzomyia geniculata and Lutzomyia davisi. None were positive for Leishmania sp. CONCLUSIONS: Four sandflies species were found in the State of Rondonia for the first time: Brumptomyia brumpti, Lutzomyia tarapacaensis, Lutzomyia melloi and Lutzomyia lenti. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis, was also captured. Socioeconomical improvement of Brazilian economy and the increase of environmental surveillance in the last 15 years collaborated in the decrease of people exposed to vectors, reducing the incidence of ACL.