Ultrastructural aspects of Callithrix penicillata lingual papillae

Callithrix penicillata belongs to the family Callitrichidae, Callithrix genus. They are basically insectivorous, but they consume fruits. The mucosa of the tongue is composed of some papillary types, revealing different levels of expertise. The present study attempted to describe the morphological and ultrastructural aspects of the dorsal surface of the C. penicillata, describing the characteristics and distribution of papillae found. Five tongues of C. penicillata (two females and three males), obtained from breeding colonies of CENP-Ananindeua-PA, died from natural causes. The material was fixed partly in a buffer solution paraformaldehyde 10% and partly in modified Karnovsky solution, divided into apex, body, and root, and then the fragments were used in light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The average length of the tongue of the females was 22 mm and for males 20.5 mm. Three types of papillae were described: filiform (along all tissue extension with 154 mu m of diameter), fungiform (along all tissue extension with 275 mu m of diameter), and vallate (just three units in caudal (dorsal) portion with 672 mu m of diameter). Data analysis indicates that the distribution and ultrastructural morphology of the C. penicillata lingual papillae are some similar to other primates. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A new species of Chlamydoconcha Dall, 1884, from southeastern Brazil (Bivalvia: Chlamydoconchidae)

The second species in the genus Chlamydoconcha is described. Chlamydoconcha avalvis new species, occurs off the coast of Rio de Janeiro coast, in southeastern Brazil. The new species has very reduced valves acid a mantle surrounding the entire body, two features of the genus. The outer surface of the mantle lacks papillae except for a single cite located close to the excurrent siphon. These are distinctive characters of Chlamydoconcha orcutti Dall, 1884, from the eastern Pacific coast of North America, the single other known species of the genus. Some of the more interesting anatomical characters of the new species are: posterior pair of retractor muscles Of foot free front valves, absence of adductor muscles, gastric style sac totally separated from intestine, and the presence of a single (excurrent) siphon.

A New Species of Fissurella from Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo Archipelago, Brazil (Vetigastropoda, Fissurellidae)

Fissurella mesoatlantica n. sp. is endemic to the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, Brazil, located approximately in the middle Atlantic (00 degrees 55N. 29 degrees 20W). The species is very similar to F. clenchi from the mainland Brazilian coast, differing in having a taller. more richly sculptured shell and by anatomical details. such its the papillae of mantle border and epipodial tentacles. A complete anatomical description is included.

PLICATULOSTREA, A NEW GENUS OF PLICATULIDAE (BIVALVIA: PECTINOIDEA) FROM THAILAND

Plicatulostrea onca, a new genus and species of Plicatulidae, is described based on shell and anatomy. The samples were collected under intertidal rocks at Kungkrabaen Bay, Thailand. Plicatulostrea differs from other plicatulids mainly in lacking undulations or shell sculpture, by long projections of the hinge teeth of the right valve and extreme body compression. Plicatulostrea onca has a radially arranged spots at the shell surface and typical plicatulid anatomy, differing mainly by the richness of papillae on the mantle edge and by invasion of the gonad along the mantle lobes. Some comments on the anatomy of the family are also provided.

Gross and microscopic observations on the lingual structure of the franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei-gervais and d'orbigny, 1844)

In most anatomical studies developed with mammals, the tongue is described as highly differentiated among different species. However, studies on the tongue of aquatic mammals are still limited as compared to those on terrestrial mammals. The aim of this study was to describe the tongue morphology of the Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) using macroscopic observations, light, and scanning electron microscopy. Microscopically, the dorsal surface was covered by a keratinized stratified epithelium. Salivary gland acini were found on the middle and caudal third of the tongue. The dorsal surface was totally covered by filiform papillae with a connective tissue core and a connective tissue structure round in shape in the middle and caudal regions. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:737742, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE IMMATURES OF POLYBIA PAULISTA (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)

The immatures of Polybia paulista Ihering were described using light and scanning electron microscopy and the results are compared with previous descriptions within the same or related wasps. This study is based on 2 whole nests collected in the municipality of Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, in Brazil. We have detected the existence of 5 larval instars. The main morphological alterations over development occur in the relative size of structures, yet certain structures appear with subsequent instars and become more evident later in development: increasing density in the number of body spines and papillae; the appearance of body setae in fifth-instar larvae; opening of spiracles upon second-instar larvae; 2 body shapes in fifth-instar larvae; the appearance of a lateral tooth on the mandibles of fourth instar; presence of spines on the maxillae of fifth-instar larvae; altered shape of galea and palps upon third-instar larvae from a cluster of sensilla to a conical elevation; and the appearance of spines on postmentum upon fourth-instar larvae. This way, the present study presents a detailed description of the immatures of P. paulista, and we hope the presented information can be useful to morphological, taxonomic, and phylogenetic studies.

Reflections on the genus Amaga Ogren and Kawakatsu 1990, and description of a new genus of land planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae)

Amaga amagensis, the type species of the genus Amaga, and Amaga bogotensis are re-described. Detailed analysis of the morphology of A. amagensis revealed important taxonomic features, such as testes located dorsally to the supraintestinal parenchymal muscular layer, and secretory accumulations opening through the lateral margins of the body. These characters, as well as other morphological features, are discussed, culminating in an emendation of the generic diagnosis of Amaga. Amaga bogotensis exhibits a characteristic set of morphological features, namely an eversible penis, a male atrium lined with large musculosecretory papillae, and independent muscular coats around both male and female atrium. Therefore, a new genus is proposed for this species.

Estudo histológico e comparativo das papilas linguais dos cervídeos Mazama americana e Mazama gouzoubira por microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura

O tipo de alimentação depende do ambiente em que o animal se encontra, sendo este um fator responsável pela alteração da morfologia, como a estratificação e o nível de queratinização da língua, e a funcionalidade da mesma. Dentre as estruturas morfológicas funcionais da língua, as papilas vêm merecendo destaque devido a sua estreita relação com a dieta. Foram utilizadas duas espécies de cervídeos: cinco Mazama gouazoubira e duas Mazama americana, dividindo-se a língua em três partes: ápice, corpo e raiz. Analisou comparativamente a língua de duas espécies por meio de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. As papilas filiforme, fungiforme e valada apresentaram na língua das duas espécies estudadas, e com a mesma distribuição, mudando apenas a quantidade e formato de papilas filiformes no ápice lingual e a quantidade e disposição das papilas valadas na raiz da língua, fator este que pode ser ligado à dieta dos animais. . Além disto, sua distribuição é semelhante à de outras espécies de herbívoros.

Morfologia macro e microscópica das papilas linguais do quati (Nasua nasua)

O quati (Nasua nasua) é um animal que pertence à Família Procyonidae. Foram utilizados três animais ortotanasiados, de ambos os sexos, provenientes do Criatório Científico de Animais Silvestres, Centro Universitário Fundação de Ensino Octávio Bastos (Cecrimpas, Unifeob) autorizado pelo IBAMA (Proc.02027.003731/04-76). Para a análise macroscópica, as línguas foram retiradas, analisadas e foto-documentadas. Para análise microscópica, as línguas foram processadas rotineiramente pela técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e inclusão em Paraplast; pela técnica de microscopia de luz os fragmentos foram cortados em micrótomo, com espessura média de 5mm e corados em HE e Picrosírius com fundo de hematoxilina. Os resultados macroscópicos e microscópicos mostram que a língua do quati apresenta papilas filiformes, fungiformes, valadas e cônicas sendo estas distribuídas nas regiões rostralis, medialis e caudalis. Histologicamente, a língua do quati é revestida por um epitélio pavimentoso estratificado queratinizado apresentando camada basal, espinhosa, granulosa e córnea com fibras de músculos estriados esqueléticos longitudinais e transversais e diversas glândulas. De acordo com os resultados pode-se concluir que a língua do quati possui características macroscópicas e microscópicas semelhantes aos canídeos, tendo como diferença o número de papilas valadas e o grau de queratinização.

Gingival Papilla Dimensions in Anterosuperior Regions Adjacent to Single-Tooth Implants

This study compared the dimensions of gingival papillae in anterosuperior areas presenting at natural teeth (teeth sites) or single-tooth implants adjacent to natural teeth (implant-tooth sites) by analyzing determined distances. A total of 45 teeth and 46 implant-tooth sites were carefully selected. Clinical evaluation consisted of visual and quantitative analyses with millimeter grids on radiographs. Implant-tooth sites showed a smaller gingival papilla dimension than tooth sites (P < .01). Both evaluated distances (contact point to bone crest and between the roots of adjacent teeth or implant platform to root of adjacent tooth) in all groups significantly influenced the presence/absence of gingival papillae (P < .01). (Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2012;32:93-100.)

The dawn of animal skeletogenesis: Ultrastructural analysis of the Ediacaran metazoan Corumbella werneri

Although the basic morphology of the Ediacaran metazoan Corumbella werneri (the type species of the genus) is well established, little is known about its skeletal tissue. Carbonaceous fragments of this fossil from the Itapucumi Group (Paraguay) reveal details of the ultrastructure of its carapace, providing an unprecedented opportunity to understand a paradigmatic issue of the evolution of skeletogenesis in early metazoans. Corumbella was a sessile predator whose carapace consisted of organic polygonal plates with pores and papillae similar to features observed in some conulariids. Its occurrence with the shelly fossil Cloudina suggests that the acquisition of protective structures in metazoans involved penecontemporaneous processes of biomineralization and secretion of organic walls.

Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the tongue of the common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)

We performed a macroscopic and microscopic study of the tongues of common opossums, Didelphis marsupialis, from South America. We studied two males and two females. We collected morphometric data on the tongue with precision calipers. For the light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses, we fixed tissue fragments in 10% formaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde, respectively. The opossum tongues averaged 5.87 +/- 0.20 cm in length, 3.27 +/- 0.15 cm in width at the lingual body, and 3.82 +/- 0.15 cm in width at the root. The mean thickness of the lingual body was 1.8 +/- 0.1 cm, and the thickness of the root was 3.82 +/- 0.15 cm. Sharp filiform papillae were scattered across the entire tongue; conical filiform papillae occurred on the lingual body and tongue tip; fungiform papillae were scattered among the filiform papillae on the lingual body and tongue tip; and there were three vallate papillae at the root of the tongue. We found two strands of papillary projections in the tongue root. Despite the low variability observed in the lingual papillae, the morphological data obtained in this study may be related to the opossum's diverse food habits and the extensive geographic distribution of the species throughout America. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Aesthetic analysis of an implant-supported denture at the cleft area

Objective: To evaluate the aesthetics of an implant-supported denture at the cleft area, comparing the peri-implant tissues and prosthetic crown with the contralateral tooth. Settings: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, São Paolo, Brazil. Patients: A total of 39 individuals of both genders, with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, who received secondary alveolar bone graft and were rehabilitated with single implant-supported dentures at the area of the missing maxillary lateral incisor after completion of orthodontic treatment. Interventions: The following parameters were analyzed in follow-up sessions: length and width of prosthetic crown and contralateral tooth, characteristics of implants, filling of interproximal space by the papilla, and smile height of the patients. Results: The implant-supported prosthetic crowns were longer than the contralateral tooth (p < .001). Among the 78 papillae analyzed, 29 (37.17%) received a score of 3; 32 (41.02%) papillae had a score of 2; and 17 (21.79%) received a score of 1. Concerning the smile height, among the 39 patients analyzed, 23 (56.41%) had a medium smile, 15 (38.46%) had a high smile, and two (5.12%) presented a low smile. Conclusion: The use of dental implants to rehabilitate the edentulous cleft area is an excellent option. However, adequate evaluation of the bone quantity and quality, positioning and shape of adjacent teeth, smile height, and patient expectations should be considered to achieve success and avoid aesthetic deformities such as elongated teeth and absence of gingival papillae.

Treatment of gingival recessions in heavy smokers using two surgical techniques: a controlled clinical trial

Smokers have small root coverage which is associated with bad vascularity of periodontal tissues. This study evaluated a technique that can increase the blood supply to the periodontal tissues compared with a traditional technique. Twenty heavy smokers (10 males and 10 females) with two bilateral Miller class I gingival recessions received coronally positioned flaps in one side (Control group)and extended flap technique in the other side (Test group). Clinical measurements (probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival recession height, gingival recession width, amount of keratinized tissue, and width and height of the papillae adjacent to the recession) were determined at baseline, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Salivary cotinina samples were taken as an indicator of the nicotine exposure level. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were detected for the clinical measurements or smoke exposure. Both techniques promoted low root coverage (Control group: 43.18% and Test group: 44.52%). In conclusion, no difference was found in root coverage between the techniques. Root coverage is possible and uneventful even, if rather low, in heavy smoker patients with low plaque and bleeding indices.

Papillary atrophy of the tongue and nutritional status of hospitalized alcoholics

BACKGROUND: Atrophy of the papillae, mucosa, and dorsum of the tongue are considered classical signs of nutritional deficiencies. OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of hospitalized alcoholics with or without papillary atrophy of the tongue. METHODS: This study was performed with 21 hospitalized alcoholics divided into Atrophic Glossitis Group (n=13) and Normal Tongue Group (n=8). Healthy, non-alcoholic volunteers composed the Control Group (n=8). Anthropometry and bioelectric impedance were performed, and serum vitamins A, E, and B12 were determined. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in relation to age (46.7±8.7 vs. 46.8±15.8 years) or gender (92.3% vs. 87.5% male), respectively. Control Group volunteers were also paired in relation to age (47.5±3.1 years) and male predominance (62.5%). In relation to hospitalized alcoholics without atrophic lesions of the tongue and Control Group, patients with papillary atrophy showed lower BMI (18.6 ± 2,5 vs 23.8 ± 3.5 vs 26.7 ± 3,6 kg/m² ) and body fat content 7.6 ± 3.5 vs 13.3 ± 6.5 vs 19.5 ± 4,9 kg). When compared with the Control Group, alcoholic patients with or without papillary atrophy of the tongue showed lower values of red blood cells (10.8 ± 2.2 vs 11.8 ± 2.2 vs 14.5 ± 1,6g/dL) and albumin (3.6 ± 0.9 vs 3.6 ± 0.8 vs 4.4 ± 0.2g/dL). The seric levels of vitamins A, E, and B12 were similar amongst the groups. CONCLUSION: Hospitalized alcoholics with papillary atrophy of the tongue had lower BMI and fat body stores than controls, without associated hypovitaminosis.