Similar health benefits of endurance and high-intensity interval training in obese children

Purpose: To compare two modalities of exercise training (i.e., Endurance Training [ET] and High-Intensity Interval Training [HIT]) on health-related parameters in obese children aged between 8 and 12 years. Methods: Thirty obese children were randomly allocated into either the ET or HIT group. The ET group performed a 30 to 60-minute continuous exercise at 80% of the peak heart rate (HR). The HIT group training performed 3 to 6 sets of 60-s sprint at 100% of the peak velocity interspersed by a 3-min active recovery period at 50% of the exercise velocity. HIT sessions last similar to 70% less than ET sessions. At baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention, aerobic fitness, body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed. Results: Both the absolute (ET: 26.0%; HIT: 19.0%) and the relative VO2 peak (ET: 13.1%; HIT: 14.6%) were significantly increased in both groups after the intervention. Additionally, the total time of exercise (ET: 19.5%; HIT: 16.4%) and the peak velocity during the maximal graded cardiorespiratory test (ET: 16.9%; HIT: 13.4%) were significantly improved across interventions. Insulinemia (ET: 29.4%; HIT: 30.5%) and HOMA-index (ET: 42.8%; HIT: 37.0%) were significantly lower for both groups at POST when compared to PRE. Body mass was significantly reduced in the HIT (2.6%), but not in the ET group (1.2%). A significant reduction in BMI was observed for both groups after the intervention (ET: 3.0%; HIT: 5.0%). The responsiveness analysis revealed a very similar pattern of the most responsive variables among groups. Conclusion: HIT and ET were equally effective in improving important health related parameters in obese youth.

Frontal-orbital advancement for the management of anterior plagiocephaly

The main purposes of this manuscript are to provide an overview of various modalities of surgical correction of anterior plagiocephaly and to emphasize their differences with the classic open frontal-orbital advancement. Advancement of technology provides development of many other ways to achieve the same results. The authors describe the classic open frontal-orbital advancement and compare with other proposed techniques for correction of frontal plagiocephaly. The main limitation of the use of new forms of treatment of the anterior plagiocephaly is the age of the patient. There is still no consensus on criteria for quantitative evaluation of surgical results, and new forms of treatment do not present results with long follow-up. Frontal-orbital advancement is the preferred procedure to correct unicoronal synostosis due to its universal indication regardless of the age and degree of deformation of the anterior plagiocephaly.

Cytokine inhibition and time-related influence of inflammatory stimuli on the hyperalgesia induced by the nucleus pulposus

The symptoms of lumbar disc herniation, such as low back pain and sciatica, have been associated with local release of cytokines following the inflammatory process induced by the contact of the nucleus pulposus (NP) with the spinal nerve. Using an animal experimental model of intervertebral disc herniation and behavioral tests to evaluate mechanical (electronic von Frey test) and thermal (Hargreaves Plantar test) hyperalgesia in the hind paw of rats submitted to the surgical model, this study aimed to detect in normal intervertebral disc the cytokines known to be involved in the mechanisms of inflammatory hyperalgesia, to observe if previous exposure of the intervertebral disc tissue to specific antibodies could affect the pain behavior (mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia) induced by the NP, and to observe the influence of the time of contact of the NP with the fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion (L5-DRG) in the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The cytokines present at highest concentrations in the rat NP were TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and CINC-1. Rats submitted to the disc herniation experimental model, in which a NP from the sacrococcygeal region is deposited over the right L5-DRG, showed increased mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia that lasted at least 7 weeks. When the autologous NP was treated with antibodies against the three cytokines found at highest concentrations in the NP (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and CINC-1), there was decrease in both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in different time points, suggesting that each cytokine may be important for the hyperalgesia in different steps of the inflammatory process. The surgical remotion of the NP from herniated rats 1 week after the implantation reduced the hyperalgesia to the level similar to the control group. This reduction in the hyperalgesia was also observed in the group that had the NP removed 3 weeks after the implantation, although the intensity of the hyperalgesia did not decreased totally. The removal of the NP after 5 weeks did not changed the hyperalgesia observed in the hind paw, which suggests that the longer the contact of the NP with the DRG, the greater is the possibility of development of chronic pain. Together our results indicate that specific cytokines released during the inflammatory process induced by the herniated intervertebral disc play fundamental role in the development of the two modalities of hyperalgesia (mechanical and thermal) and that the maintenance of this inflammation may be the most important point for the chronification of the pain.

Spiritist Psychiatric Hospitals in Brazil: Integration of Conventional Psychiatric Treatment and Spiritual Complementary Therapy

In Brazil, during the XX century, dozens of Spiritist psychiatric hospitals emerged seeking to integrate conventional medical treatment with complementary spiritual therapy. This combined inpatient treatment is largely found in Brazil, where many psychiatric hospitals stem from the Spiritist movement. The present report describes the use of these spiritual practices, their operating structure, health professionals involved, modalities of care, and institutional difficulties in integrating spiritual practices with conventional treatment in six leading Brazilian Spiritist psychiatric hospitals. These hospitals combine conventional psychiatric treatment with voluntary-based spiritual approaches such as laying on of hands ("fluidotherapy"), lectures regarding spiritual and ethical issues, intercessory prayer, spirit release therapy ("disobsession") and "fraternal dialogue". The non-indoctrination and optional nature of these spiritual complementary therapies seem to increase acceptance among patients and their family members. In conclusion, the Spiritist psychiatric hospitals in Brazil have, for more than half a century, provided an integrative approach in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, associating conventional and spiritual treatments, more specifically Spiritist therapy. The lack of standardized treatment protocols and scientific studies remain a barrier to assessing the impact of this integrative approach on patients' mental health, quality of life, adherence, and perceived quality of treatment.

Conceptual problem for noncommutative inflation and the new approach for nonrelativistic inflationary equation of state

In a previous paper, we connected the phenomenological noncommutative inflation of Alexander, Brandenberger and Magueijo [ Phys. Rev. D 67 081301 (2003)] and Koh and Brandenberger [ J. Cosmol. Astropart Phys. 2007 21 ()] with the formal representation theory of groups and algebras and analyzed minimal conditions that the deformed dispersion relation should satisfy in order to lead to a successful inflation. In that paper, we showed that elementary tools of algebra allow a group-like procedure in which even Hopf algebras (roughly the symmetries of noncommutative spaces) could lead to the equation of state of inflationary radiation. Nevertheless, in this paper, we show that there exists a conceptual problem with the kind of representation that leads to the fundamental equations of the model. The problem comes from an incompatibility between one of the minimal conditions for successful inflation (the momentum of individual photons being bounded from above) and the Fock-space structure of the representation which leads to the fundamental inflationary equations of state. We show that the Fock structure, although mathematically allowed, would lead to problems with the overall consistency of physics, like leading to a problematic scattering theory, for example. We suggest replacing the Fock space by one of two possible structures that we propose. One of them relates to the general theory of Hopf algebras (here explained at an elementary level) while the other is based on a representation theorem of von Neumann algebras (a generalization of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients), a proposal already suggested by us to take into account interactions in the inflationary equation of state.

Em torno da instância da imagem ao vivo

Este artigo procura resumir a hipótese da «instância da imagem ao vivo» a partir da descrição da natureza do espaço público, entendido aqui como um ambiente comunicacional, mais que institucional ou jurídico. A instância da imagem ao vivo é apresentada não como sendo a imagem ao vivo em si mesma, mas o plano de representação em que ela se inscreve, plano este que se põe como o principal fator de unificação do espaço público em seu sentido mais amplo. Segundo a presente hipótese, as novas possibilidades tecnológicas da era digital não revogam esse plano: apenas o revigoram à medida que o problematizam

Is it safe to utilize in vitro reconstituted human oral epithelium? An oncogenetic pathway study

Cell therapy is a therapeutic strategy used to replace or repair damaged tissue. The epithelium transplantation of cultivated keratinocytes has been applied to several modalities of reconstruction, like oral, urethra and ocular surface. Life and death signals work coordinately to ensure cellular quality control and the viability of an organism. The aim of this study is to verify that culture conditions did not induce genetic mutations through the analysis of the key genes: pAKT, Pten, p53 and MDM2 and investigate the presence of the related proteins in human oral keratinocytes obtained by primary culture and in vitro cultivated. Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues from the oral cavity were utilized as control for normal expression of the related markers and two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines provided the expression pattern of the proposed markers in the event of cellular transformation. Akt, PTEN, p53 and MDM2 immunohistochemistry and Western-Blotting analyzes were performed. The results showed the expression levels and intracellular localizations of the four proteins evaluated. These analyzes confirmed that the produced in vitro epithelium is bio-compatible for its utilization as reconstruction and reparatory tissue, however further analyses and additional research on other biomarkers should be performed to analyse the long term engraftment of transplantable primary culture of oral keratinocytes and the long term resistance to cellular transformation.

Plano de inovação para o Vocabulário Controlado do SIBIUSP: relato de experiência

Controlled vocabularies are tools of representation of information necessary to standardize the content description and classification of information, making information systems consistent and also minimizing the dispersion of information. One of the most critical points of controlled vocabularies is the need to constantly update, in terminology and the computer system. The purpose of this paper is to share the experience of the Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas da Universidade de São Paulo - (SIBiUSP) in planning and developing an innovation plan for your Controlled Vocabulary, reporting their goals and actions. Such actions are in different stages of referral, so there are provisional results. The article also brings the description of his movements and the difficulties encountered as collaboration and knowledge for professionals that working and researching with the theme controlled vocabularies

Ensino de Arquitetura e Urbanismo com auxilio de ferramentas digitais

Este texto pretende discutir a importância do desenho à mão livre no processo projetivo arquitetônico inserido no contexto da era digital, por meio do uso das mesas digitais, comumente chamadas de tablets. A relevância desta discussão consiste em identificar como os desenhos feitos com tablets mantêm a percepção e o traço individual de cada pessoa. Pretende-se, com isto, não apenas rever e atualizar as disciplinas de desenho nos cursos de arquitetura, suas práticas e seus procedimentos, mas também, discutir o papel da linguagem e representação – analógica ou digital – e sua integração com outras disciplinas. São apresentadas algumas considerações sobre o uso dessa ferramenta nas seguintes disciplinas: História da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Paisagismo e Projeto, ministradas no Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. As tablets são apresentadas como um meio de conexão entre o projeto analógico e digital, capazes de capturar a pressão e a velocidade do traço, aproximando a potencialidade e racionalidade do processo feito no computador com o gesto criativo do desenho à mão livre, resultando em uma sinergia entre essas duas linguagens.

Comentários gráficos sobre os desenhos de Paulo Mendes da Rocha

Partindo-se do pressuposto de que o desenho é instrumento de diálogo entre o arquiteto e ele mesmo ou com terceiros e que este tipo de representação vem perdendo espaço para tecnologias digitais, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar e analisar desenhos de projetos selecionados do arquiteto Paulo Mendes da Rocha, como contribuição para a discussão sobre o papel do desenho analógico no processo projetivo atual. O estudo acerca de quatro projetos (Ginásio do Clube Paulistano, Residência Butantã, Residência Millan e MuBE) se deu através de marcações realizadas pela pesquisadora sobre desenhos originais do arquiteto, com o objetivo de detectar intenções projetuais, conceitos e características dos projetos. Para tanto, foram feitas marcações gráficas sobre os desenhos originais, de maneira a evidenciar uma leitura particular da pesquisadora, permitindo assim uma melhor compreensão dos projetos escolhidos para o estudo. O desenho sobre o desenho marca os pontos que o julgamento considera importantes, tratando-se de uma leitura particular e permitindo melhor compreensão dos projetos para quem o pratica, uma vez que o ato de desenhar está estreitamente relacionado ao de pensar. Optou-se por apresentar as imagens relacionadas a citações diretas de autores

O modelo tridimensional físico e seu papel na educação patrimonial

Este artigo versa sobre uma pesquisa integrante do Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Estudos de Linguagem em Arquitetura e Cidade (N.ELAC), que desenvolve pesquisas em Linguagem e Representação. Entre as diversas formas de representação em arquitetura, a presente pesquisa traz o modelo tridimensional físico como ferramenta que proporciona maior facilidade de leitura do projeto, sendo mais concreta que os desenhos técnicos. Objetiva-se, assim, destacar a importância do modelo físico como meio de aproximação da população ao patrimônio arquitetônico. Como estudo de caso, foi escolhido o Edifício E1, obra de Ernest Mange e Hélio Duarte. Localizado no campus da USP em São Carlos, é considerado patrimônio da cidade, entretanto, encontra-se praticamente enclausurado no interior do campus, dificultando maior contato da comunidade com o edifício. O projeto do edifício utilizou apenas o desenho como representação, não incluindo nenhum tipo de modelo tridimensional (físico ou digital). A partir de um levantamento das representações gráficas utilizadas pelos projetistas, foi possível fazer uma comparação entre o nível de compreensão do projeto apenas com as peças gráficas dos arquitetos e a partir do modelo físico, produzido pela pesquisadora. Foi realizado um pré-teste em escola pública municipal, despertando o interesse desses alunos pelo edifício em questão.

O uso da maquete física como ferramenta de leitura do patrimônio cultural

O presente artigo vincula-se às pesquisas do Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Estudos de Linguagem em Arquitetura e Cidade (N.ELAC), que atua na área de Linguagem e Representação. Diante das diversas formas de representação em arquitetura (desenho, maquete, modelos digitais), nesta pesquisa o modelo tridimensional físico é trazido como ferramenta que proporciona maior facilidade de leitura do projeto e tratado como meio de aproximação da comunidade ao patrimônio arquitetônico, envolvendo, sobretudo, a arquitetura moderna paulista. Como estudo de caso, escolheu-se o Edifício E1, obra de Ernest Mange e Hélio Duarte. Localizado no campus da USP em São Carlos, é considerado patrimônio da cidade, entretanto, encontra-se praticamente enclausurado no interior do campus, dificultando maior contato da comunidade com o edifício. Durante sua execução, foi utilizado apenas o desenho como ferramenta de representação de projeto, não incluindo nenhum tipo de modelo tridimensional (físico ou digital). A partir do levantamento das representações gráficas utilizadas, foi possível fazer uma comparação entre o nível de compreensão do projeto apenas com as peças gráficas dos arquitetos e a partir do modelo físico, produzido pela pesquisadora. Realizou-se um pré-teste em escola pública municipal, que indicou um aumento no interesse desses alunos pelo edifício em questão.