SMAC multi-hop mesh routing protocol using IEEE 802.15.4

This paper discusses some aspects related to Wireless Sensor Networks over the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, and proposes, for the very first time, a mesh network topology with geographic routing integrated to the open Freescale protocol (SMAC - Simple Medium Access Control). For this is proposed the SMAC routing protocol. Before this work the SMAC protocol was suitable to perform one hop communications only. However, with the developed mechanisms, it is possible to use multi-hop communication. Performance results from the implemented protocol are presented and analyzed in order to define important requirements for wireless sensor networks, such as robustness, self-healing property and low latency. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Conservação de sementes de ipê-roxo

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o comportamento fisiológico de sementes de ipê-roxo (Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo) durante o amazenamento. Frutos colhidos manualmente de 15 plantas-matrizes foram colocados em ambiente sombreado para secagem complementar e posterior extração manual das sementes; primeiro, determinou-se o grau de umidade inicial das sementes (15,6%) e, em seguida, as sementes remanescentes foram submetidas a secagem para obtenção dos demais graus de umidade desejados (11,5, 8,0 e 4,3%). As amostras correspondentes aos diferentes graus de umidade foram armazenadas em câmaras, na temperaturas de 10, 20 e -196 °C. No início e após 120, 240 e 360 dias de armazenamento, as sementes foram submetidas a diversas avaliações fisiológicas. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com 4 tratamentos (grau de umidade) no início do armazenamento e 12 tratamentos (4 grau de umidade x 3 condições térmicas), em cada época de avaliação, durante o armazenamento. A comparação das médias foi realizada pelo Teste de Tukey a 5%. A conservação das sementes de ipê-roxo com teores de água de 15,6, 11,5, 8,1 e 4,3% é favorecida no armazenamento a 10 e -196 °C.

Column generation for a multitrip vehicle routing problem with time windows, driver work hours, and heterogeneous fleet

This study addresses a vehicle routing problem with time windows, accessibility restrictions on customers, and a fleet that is heterogeneous with regard to capacity and average speed. A vehicle can performmultiple routes per day, all starting and ending at a single depot, and it is assigned to a single driverwhose totalwork hours are limited.Acolumn generation algorithmis proposed.The column generation pricing subproblem requires a specific elementary shortest path problem with resource constraints algorithm to address the possibility for each vehicle performingmultiple routes per day and to address the need to set the workday’s start time within the planning horizon. A constructive heuristic and a metaheuristic based on tabu search are also developed to find good solutions.