Essential steps to providing reliable results using the Analytical Quality Assurance Cycle

Considering how demand for quality assurance (QA) has grown in analytical laboratories, we show the trends in analytical science, illustrated through international standard ISO/IEC 17025, validation, measurements of uncertainty, and quality-control (QC) measures. A detailed review of the history of analytical chemistry indicates that these concepts are consistently used in laboratories to demonstrate their traceabilities and competences to provide reliable results. We propose a new approach for laboratory QA, which also develops a diagram to support routine laboratories (which generally apply a quality system, such as ISO/IEC 17025) or research laboratories (that have some difficult applying this international standard). This approach, called the Analytical Quality Assurance Cycle (AQAC), presents the major QA concepts and the relationships between these concepts in order to provide traceability and reliable results. The AQAC is a practical tool to support the trend towards QA in analytical laboratories. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: prognostic factors for death in reported cases in Brazil

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was described for the first time in Brazil in 1993 and has occurred endemically throughout the country. This study analysed clinical and laboratory aspects as well as death-related factors for HPS cases in Brazil from 1993 to 2006. The investigation comprised a descriptive and exploratory study of the history of cases as well as an analytical retrospective cohort survey to identify prognostic factors for death due to HPS. A total of 855 Brazilian HPS cases were assessed. The majority of cases occurred during spring (33.5%) and winter (27.6%), mainly among young male adults working in rural areas. The global case fatality rate was 39.3%. The mean interval between the onset of symptoms and hospitalisation was 4 days and that between hospitalisation and death was 1 day. In the multiple regression analysis, adult respiratory distress syndrome and mechanical respiratory support were associated with risk of death; when these two variables were excluded from the model, dyspnoea and haemoconcentration were associated with a higher risk of death. (C) 2012 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prevalência de infecção pelo T. cruzi em doadores de sangue nos hemocentros coordenadores do Brasil em 2007

Objetivo: conhecer a prevalência de Trypanosoma cruzi entre os doadores de sangue, analisar a organização da rede de hemoterapia e as normas de segurança do sangue para transfusão no Brasil no ano de 2007. Métodos: estudo descritivo utilizando-se os Regulamentos Técnicos para hemoterapia definidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) e o questionário aplicado aos Hemocentros Coordenadores (HC) do Brasil. Resultados: responderam 84% dos hemocentros, onde doaram sangue 3.251.361 indivíduos, sendo 1.192 (0,04%) excluídos na triagem clínica por risco presumido para doença de Chagas; foram realizadas 2.726.668 sorologias; 5.432 (0,20%) foram reagentes para Trypanosoma cruzi e 3.065 (0,11%) inconclusivas. Conclusão: a falta de resposta dos Estados de Pernambuco, Bahia, Paraíba, Goiás e Rondônia constituiu limitação ao estudo; entretanto, os resultados obtidos sugerem baixa prevalência de Trypanosoma cruzi entre os doadores de sangue e indicam o cumprimento dos procedimentos para a segurança do sangue definidos pela Anvisa.

Determinação e validação das qualidades de radiação RQR e RQA da IAEA.

O documento IAEA/TRS 457 [1] define qualidades de radiação para calibração de detectores utilizados em mediações na área de radiologia diagnóstica. O documento define qualidades específicas para feixes primários (RQR), transmitidos (RQA), bem como outros específicos para mamografia e tomografia computadorizada. Estas qualidades devem ser estabelecidas de acordo com a norma IEC 61267. O presente trabalho descreve a validação dos filtros de qualidade de radiação RQR, previamente estabelecidos, a determinação de filtros com qualidade de radiação RQA e a determinação das curvas de atenuação para ambos os casos.