Cytology of tracheobronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy Holteins calves during the first month of life

Benesi F.J., Wachholz L., Bertagnon H.G., Leal M.L.R., Mori E. & Fernandes W.R. 2012. [Cytology of tracheobronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy Holteins calves during the first month of life.] Citologia dos lavados traqueobronquico (LTB) e broncoalveolar (LBA) de bezerros holandeses sadios durante o primeiro mes de vida. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 32(3):267-270. Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: febencli@usp.br The neonatal calf is a critical moment for adaptation of the newborn to extra uterine life. The respiratory tract is functionally very demanded and often affected by disease, resulting in direct loss of their function and causing serious economic losses in livestock. The basic point to reduce these losses is appropriate clinical evaluation of neonates; but the diagnosis based solely in physical examination is very difficult to establish. The use of complementary analysis such cytology of the respiratory tract becomes an important diagnostic tool; however their findings must be standardized in the face of different techniques employed. This research studied the dynamics of the cellularity of the bronchoalveolar and tracheobronchial region obtained through lung lavage harvested by nasotracheal catheterization technique and tracheocenthesis respectively, during the first month of life of healthy calves. The tracheobronchial cytology was influenced by the time, showing decreased number of alveolar macrophages and greater number of neutrophils, possibly increased by local irritation caused by the technique, which was repeated sequentially, and/or through greater stimulation of inhaled microorganisms deposited in this region. In the bronchoalveolar region no variation in the cellular constituents in function of time was found. The results allowed the conclusion the cell population of the tracheobronchial region has changed over the week-old calves, possibly due to the technique used and/or to the normal region physiology, represented by higher magnitudes of neutrophils. Otherwise, the cells of the broncholaveolar region showed a stable behavior during the first month of life of newborn calves, presenting numerical predominance of alveolar macrophages. O período neonatal dos bezerros é um momento crítico para adaptação do recém-nascido à vida extra uterina e o sistema respiratório, um dos mais exigidos funcionalmente, é frequentemente afetado por enfermidades, redundando no prejuízo direto da sua função e acarretando perdas econômicas importantes na pecuária. O ponto básico para reduzir estas perdas, é representado pela adequada avaliação clínica dos neonatos, todavia o diagnóstico baseado exclusivamente no exame ísico é muito di ícil de ser estabelecido. O uso de exames complementares como a citologia do trato respiratório torna-se uma ferramenta diagnóstica importante nestes casos, porém faz-se necessário, padronizar seus achados frente às diferentes técnicas empregadas para a sua obtenção. Assim, o presente estudo propôs-se acompanhar as variações dos constituintes celulares da região traqueobrônquica e broncoalveolar obtidos por lavados respiratórios pelos métodos de traqueocentese e por colheita nasotraqueal respectivamente, durante o primeiro mês de vida de bezerros sadios. Observou-se alteração no quadro citológico ao longo do tempo, quando a região traqueobrônquica foi lavada, expresso por diminuição da porcentagem de macrófagos alveolares, com aumento de neutró ilos, possivelmente, por maior irritação local provocada pela técnica, que se repetiu sequencialmente e/ou por maior estimulo de microorganismos inalados depositados nesta região. Na região broncoalveolar, não encontraram- -se variações nos constituintes celulares em função do tempo. Os resultados permitiram a conclusão que a população celular da região traqueobrônquica modi icou-se ao longo das semanas de vida dos bezerros, possivelmente pela técnica empregada e/ou isiologia normal da região, sendo representadas por maiores magnitudes de neutró ilos. De modo diverso, na região broncolaveolar, as células evidenciaram um comportamento estável durante o primeiro mês de vida dos bezerros neonatos, apresentando predomínio numérico dos macrófagos alveolares.

Vulvo-cervico-vaginal manifestations and evaluation of Papanicolaou smears in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus

Background: Vulvo-cervico-vaginal involvement has rarely been reported in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and has not been reported in pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Objectives: We sought to evaluate genital lesions and Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in female patients with PV and PF. Methods: This prospective study includes all consecutive cases of female patients with PV and PF seen from May 2009 to February 2010. Gynecologic examination was performed and Pap smears were collected for cytologic analysis from each patient. Results: A total of 56 patients were given a diagnosis of pemphigus (41 PV and 15 PF). Genital involvement was observed in 9 patients with PV (22%) and the vulva was the most common genital site of involvement. Of these 9 patients, 8 presented with active skin/mucous lesions. Four of 15 patients with PF had genital lesions and vulva was the exclusive site of involvement. Three of 4 patients with PF and genital involvement also showed active cutaneous lesions. Six of 56 patients (5 PV and 1 PF) presented with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in Pap smear analysis. Upon further pathologic review, acantholytic cells were seen, confirming the diagnosis of pemphigus. Limitations: A small number of PF cases were studied. Conclusions: Vulvar lesions were the second most frequent site of mucous membrane PV. Herein we report the first case to our knowledge of symptomatic genital lesions in a patient with PF. Moreover, acantholytic cells in Pap smears were found in a patient with PF who was in complete remission off therapy with no clinical genital lesions and no circulating anti-desmoglein-1 and anti-desmoglein-3 autoantibodies. Gynecologic evaluation in patients with pemphigus, including a careful evaluation of Pap smears, should be recommended. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:409-16.)

Women's Poorer Satisfaction With Their Sex Lives Following Gynecologic Cancer Treatment

Gynecologic cancer treatment can lead to anatomical changes in the genitalia that may impair sexual response. As a result, the authors aimed to assess women's self-perceptions of their sex lives following gynecologic cancer treatment and the impact of such treatment on sexual function. Thirty sexually active women were examined. At the first meeting with a physician sex therapist, women were asked about their satisfaction with their sexual activities prior to and after gynecologic cancer treatment, either with a partner or alone, and how many times per month they had sexual intercourse prior to the cancer diagnosis and after treatment. Women reported significantly worse sex lives and a significantly lower frequency of sexual relations following cancer treatment. All participants reported pain on vaginal penetration and feeling uncomfortable in discussing their sexual difficulties with the oncologist. The findings show that women experienced impaired sexual function, as well as poorer quality of sexual function, following gynecologic cancer treatment. Nurses should provide basic guidelines about sexual function to all patients who undergo treatment for gynecologic cancer.