Low-energy electron collisions with glycine

We report cross sections for elastic electron scattering by gas phase glycine (neutral form), obtained with the Schwinger multichannel method. The present results are the first obtained with a new implementation that combines parallelization with OpenMP directives and pseudopotentials. The position of the well known pi* shape resonance ranged from 2.3 eV to 2.8 eV depending on the polarization model and conformer. For the most stable isomer, the present result (2.4 eV) is in fair agreement with electron transmission spectroscopy assignments (1.93 +/- 0.05 eV) and available calculations. Our results also point out a shape resonance around 9.5 eV in the A' symmetry that would be weakly coupled to vibrations of the hydroxyl group. Since electron attachment to a broad and lower lying sigma* orbital located on the OH bond has been suggested the underlying mechanism leading to dissociative electron attachment at low energies, we sought for a shape resonance around similar to 4 eV. Though we obtained cross sections with the target molecule at the equilibrium geometry and with stretched OH bond lengths, least-squares fits to the calculated eigenphase sums did not point out signatures of this anion state (though, in principle, it could be hidden in the large background). The low energy (similar to 1 eV) integral cross section strongly scales as the bond length is stretched, and this could indicate a virtual state pole, since dipole supported bound states are not expected at the geometries addressed here. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3687345]

Association between education in EOL care and variability in EOL practice: a survey of ICU physicians

This study investigated the association between physician education in EOL and variability in EOL practice, as well as the differences between beliefs and practices regarding EOL in the ICU. Physicians from 11 ICUs at a university hospital completed a survey presenting a patient in a vegetative state with no family or advance directives. Questions addressed approaches to EOL care, as well physicians' personal, professional and EOL educational characteristics. The response rate was 89%, with 105 questionnaires analyzed. Mean age was 38 +/- A 8 years, with a mean of 14 +/- A 7 years since graduation. Physicians who did not apply do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders were less likely to have attended EOL classes than those who applied written DNR orders [0/7 vs. 31/47, OR = 0.549 (0.356-0.848), P = 0.001]. Physicians who involved nurses in the decision-making process were more likely to be ICU specialists [17/22 vs. 46/83, OR = 4.1959 (1.271-13.845), P = 0.013] than physicians who made such decisions among themselves or referred to ethical or judicial committees. Physicians who would apply "full code" had less often read about EOL [3/22 vs. 11/20, OR = 0.0939 (0.012-0.710), P = 0.012] and had less interest in discussing EOL [17/22 vs. 20/20, OR = 0.210 (0.122-0.361), P < 0.001], than physicians who would withdraw life-sustaining therapies. Forty-four percent of respondents would not do what they believed was best for their patient, with 98% of them believing a less aggressive attitude preferable. Legal concerns were the leading cause for this dichotomy. Physician education about EOL is associated with variability in EOL decisions in the ICU. Moreover, actual practice may differ from what physicians believe is best for the patient.

ENSINO DE ENFERMAGEM EM CENTRO CIRÚRGICO: TRANSFORMAÇÕES DA DISCIPLINA NA ESCOLA DE ENFERMAGEM DA USP (BRASIL)

Este artigo tem por objetivos apresentar uma síntese da evolução do conteúdo de bloco cirúrgico na Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (EEUSP) e uma reflexão sobre as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem (DCN). O estudo se desenvolveu a partir de um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da enfermagem em centro cirúrgico na prática profissional e sua inserção no currículo de graduação da EEUSP. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais têm seu mérito ao assegurar às instituições de ensino superior a liberdade na composição da carga horária a ser cumprida para a integralização dos currículos e na especificação das unidades de estudo a serem ministradas, porém, as competências e habilidades propostas são inespecíficas. Entendemos que o enfermeiro generalista é aquele que tem oportunidades de aprendizado teórico prático para atuar em todos os cenários de cuidado, área e níveis de atenção em saúde.

Electron Interactions with Disulfide Bridges

Because of its electronic properties, sulfur plays a major role in a variety of metabolic processes and, more in general, in the chemistry of life. In particular, S-S bridges between cysteines are present in the amino acid backbone of proteins. Protein disulfur radical anions may decay following different paths through competing intra and intermolecular routes, including bond cleavage, disproportionation, protein-protein cross linking, and electron transfer. Indeed, mass spectrometry ECD (electron capture dissociation massspectroscopy) studies have shown that capture of low-energy (<0.2 eV) electrons by multiply protonated proteins is followed by dissociation of S-S bonds holding two peptide chains together. In view of the importance of organic sulfur chemistry, we report on electron interactions with disulphide bridges. To study these interactions we used as prototypes the molecules dimethyl sulfide [(CH3)2S] and dimethyl disulfide [(H3C)S2(CH3)]. We seek to better understand the electron-induced cleavage of the disulfide bond. To explore dissociative processes we performed electron scattering calculations with the Schwinger Multichannel Method with pseudopotentials (SMCPP), recently parallelized with OpenMP directives and optimized with subroutines for linear algebra (BLAS) and LAPACK routines. Elastic cross sections obtained for different S-S bond lengths indicate stabilization of the anion formed by electron attachment to a σ*SS antibonding orbital, such that dissociation would be expected.