Mensuração e caracterização da dor após episiotomia e sua relação com a limitação de atividades

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado com cinquenta mulheres em pós-parto vaginal com episiotomia. Objetivou-se mensurar e caracterizar a dor perineal em primíparas submetidas ao parto normal com episiotomia e verificar as atividades limitadas pela dor. Para avaliação da dor foi utilizada a Escala Numérica e o Questionário McGill, bem como um formulário para analisar as atividades que estavam limitadas. A média de dor perineal encontrada foi cinco. As categorias sensorial e avaliação subjetiva foram as mais selecionadas no Questionário McGill. A dor perineal foi caracterizada como latejante, que repuxa, que esquenta, ardida, dolorida, chata, incômoda, que prende e que deixa tensa. Sentar, deitar e deambular foram as atividades mais limitadas. Em conclusão, foi possível verificar a presença de dor perineal nas puérperas causada pela episiotomia e identificar que as atividades de sentar, deitar e deambular estavam limitadas por este sintoma.

Função sexual e qualidade de vida em gestantes de baixo risco

OBJETIVO: Avaliar em gestantes saudáveis no segundo trimestre a associação entre função sexual e qualidade de vida, e função sexual e satisfação sexual. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 51 gestantes em acompanhamento em ambulatório de pré-natal de baixo risco. A função sexual foi aferida por meio do Quociente Sexual - Versão Feminina (QS-F). A qualidade de vida e a satisfação sexual foram avaliadas pelo Instrumento Abreviado de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-bref). Os critérios de inclusão foram idade gestacional entre a 15ª e a 26ª semana, idade materna igual ou superior a 20 anos, mínimo de 5 anos de educação escolar, ter parceiro fixo há pelo menos 6 meses, ter tido relação sexual com penetração vaginal nos últimos 15 dias. Foram excluídas mulheres vítimas de violência sexual, com história pregressa ou atual de depressão, antecedente de aborto habitual ou complicações na gestação atual (amniorrexe prematura, trabalho de parto prematuro ou hemorragia). Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes do χ² e exato de Fisher e p<0,05 foi considerado significante. A análise estatística foi realizada com o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTADOS: A maioria das gestantes (64,8%) obteve o QS-F de "regular a excelente" e 58,8% classificaram sua qualidade de vida como "boa". Assinalaram que estavam satisfeitas com a vida sexual 35,3% das gestantes, e 15,7% estavam muito satisfeitas. O estudo mostrou que existe associação entre QS-F "nulo a ruim" com qualidade de vida "ruim" (p=0,002) e que QS-F "regular a bom" e "bom a excelente" estão associados com "satisfação" e "muita satisfação" sexual (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A função sexual está associada à qualidade de vida e à satisfação sexual em gestantes saudáveis, no segundo trimestre da gestação.

Fatores associados ao nascimento pré-termo em Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil: um estudo caso-controle

A case-control study (2008-2009) analyzed risk factors for preterm birth in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil. A total of 341 preterm births and 424 controls were included. A multiple logistic regression model was used. Risk factors for preterm birth were: previous history of preterm birth (OR = 2.32; 95%CI: 1.25-4.29), maternal age (OR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.00-4.03), inadequate prenatal care (OR = 2.15; 95%CI: 1.40-3.27), inadequate maternal weight gain (OR = 2.33; 95%CI: 1.45-3.75), maternal physical injury (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.22-3.60), hypertension with eclampsia (OR = 17.08; 95%CI: 3.67-79.43) and without eclampsia (OR = 6.42; 95%CI: 3.50-11.76), hospitalization (OR = 5.64; 95%CI: 3.47-9.15), altered amniotic fluid volume (OR = 2.28; 95%CI: 1.32-3.95), vaginal bleeding (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.01-2.34), and multiple gestation (OR = 22.65; 95%CI: 6.22-82.46). High and homogeneous prevalence of poverty and low maternal schooling among both cases and controls may have contributed to the fact that socioeconomic variables did not remain significantly associated with preterm birth.

Ovarian response of Suffolk ewes to estrous synchronization using short-term protocol

The efficacy of estrus synchronization using short-term protocol was evaluated by ultrasound exams in Suffolk ewes during the pre-breeding season. The control Group (n = 12) was synchronized by treatment for 12 days with vaginal sponges impregnated with medroxyprogesterone acetate, and 400 IU eCG at sponge withdrawal. Experimental groups I, II and III kept the sponge in place for 4 days, and 100 µg of PGF2a was administered at sponge withdrawal. Additionally, Group I (n = 12) had 0.1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) administered during sponge placement and 50 µg of GnRH 48 hours after sponge removal. Group II (n = 6) had 35 mg of progesterone (P4) injected, and 0.1 mg of EB administered during sponge placement, 400 IU eCG at withdrawal and 48 hours after, 50 µg GnRH were administrated. Group III (n = 12) had 35 mg of P4 and 0.2 mg of EB administered at sponge placement, 400 IU eCG at withdrawal, and 50 µg of GnRH was administrated after 56 hours. Ovaries were monitored through ultrasound scanning. Concerning the first wave, no difference was detected between the control group and the experimental groups. However, the characteristics of ovulatory wave were significantly different between the groups. The duration of the follicular wave was shorter for Group III than for Group II. The follicle in Group I reached its maximum diameter before the Group II. The diameter of the follicle at the sponge withdrawal in the control group was larger than in Group I. After sponge withdrawal, the follicular growth rate was smaller in the control group than in Group III. The maximum diameter of the follicle in Group II was larger than in the other groups. The short-term protocol in which estrogen was used did not synchronize the emergence of the wave of follicular development.

Neonatally induced mild diabetes: influence on development, behavior and reproductive function of female Wistar rats

Abstract Background Neonatal STZ treatment induces a state of mild hyperglycemia in adult rats that disrupts metabolism and maternal/fetal interactions. The aim of this study was investigate the effect of neonatal STZ treatment on the physical development, behavior, and reproductive function of female Wistar rats from infancy to adulthood. Methods At birth, litters were assigned either to a Control (subcutaneous (s.c.) citrate buffer, n = 10) or STZ group, (streptozotocin (STZ) - 100 mg/kg-sc, n = 6). Blood glucose levels were measured on postnatal days (PND) 35, 84 and 120. In Experiment 1 body weight, length and the appearance of developmental milestones such as eye and vaginal opening were monitored. To assess the relative contribution of the initial and long term effects of STZ treatment this group was subdivided based on blood glucose levels recorded on PND 120: STZ hyperglycemic (between 120 and 300 mg/dl) and STZ normoglycemic (under 120 mg/dl). Behavioral activity was assessed in an open field on PND 21 and 75. In Experiment 2 estrous cyclicity, sexual behavior and circulating gonadotropin, ovarian steroid, and insulin levels were compared between control and STZ-hyperglycemic rats. In all measures the litter was the experimental unit. Parametric data were analyzed using one-way or, where appropriate, two-way ANOVA and significant effects were investigated using Tukey’s post hoc test. Fisher’s exact test was employed when data did not satisfy the assumption of normality e.g. presence of urine and fecal boli on the open field between groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 for all data. Results As expected neonatal STZ treatment caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in adulthood. STZ-treated pups also showed a temporary reduction in growth rate that probably reflected the early loss of circulating insulin. Hyperglycemic rats also exhibited a reduction in locomotor and exploratory behavior in the open field. Mild hyperglycemia did not impair gonadotropin levels or estrous cylicity but ovarian steroid concentrations were altered. Conclusions In female Wistar rats, neonatal STZ treatment impairs growth in infancy and results in mild hyperglycemia/hypoinsulinemia in adulthood that is associated with changes in the response to a novel environment and altered ovarian steroid hormone levels.

Primeiro relato de isolamento de Histophilus somni em ovino com quadro de endometrite no Brasil

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de isolamento em cultura pura de Histophilus somni em secreção vaginal de uma fêmea ovina da raça Texel, em propriedade localizada no estado de São Paulo, a qual apresentou histórico de endometrite e infertilidade. No exame clínico específico do aparelho genital, foi observada na vagina secreção de coloração esbranquiçada, com aspecto mucoso e odor fétido. Os exames sorológicos para Brucella ovis, Leptospirose e Neospora caninum resultaram negativos, enquanto o exame para Toxoplasma gondii foi positivo.

A quantitative TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of Ureaplasma diversum

Ureaplasma diversum in veterinary studies is an undesirable microbe, which may cause infection in bulls and may result in seminal vesiculitis, balanopostitis, and alterations in spermatozoids, whereas in cows, it may cause placentitis, fetal alveolitis, abortion, and birth of weak calves. U. diversum is released through organic secretions, especially semen, preputial and vaginal mucus, conjunctival secretion, and milk. The aim of the present study was to develop a TaqMan probe, highly sensitive and specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection and quantification of U. diversum from genital swabs of bovines. Primers and probes specific to U. diversum 16S rRNA gene were designed. The specificity, detection limit, intra- and inter-assay variability of qPCR to detect this ureaplasma was compared with the results of the conventional PCR assay (cPCR). Swabs of vaginal mucus from 169 cows were tested. The qPCR assay detected as few as 10 copies of U. diversum and was 100-fold more sensitive than the cPCR. No cross-reactivity with other Mollicutes or eubacteria was observed. U. diversum was detected in 79 swabs (46.42%) by qPCR, while using cPCR it was detected in 42 (25%) samples. The difference in cPCR and qPCR ureaplasma detection between healthy and sick animals was not statistically significant. But the U. diversum load in samples from animals with genital disorders was higher than in healthy animals. The qPCR assay developed herein is highly sensitive and specific for the detection and quantification of U. diversum in vaginal bovine samples.