20 resultados para BEEF STEERS


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Food safety is a global concern. Meat represents the most important protein source for humans. Thus, contamination of meat products by nonessential elements is a ready source of human exposure. In addition, knowledge of the concentration of essential elements is also relevant with respect to human nutrition. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration of 17 elements in pork, beef, and chicken produced in Brazil. Meat samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The estimated daily intake for nonessential elements including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and antimony (Sb) through meat consumption is below the toxicological reference values. However, high levels were detected for the nonessential element cesium (Cs), mainly in beef samples, an observation that deserves future studies to identify the source of contamination and potential adverse consequences.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and blood parameters of feedlot Nellore cattle fed increasing doses of ricinoleic acid (RA) in the diet. Ninety-six Nellore steers divided into 12 groups of 8 animals were used. The animals were randomly assigned to four treatments: 0, 1, 2, or 4 g of RA/animal/day, with three replicates per treatment. The experimental period consisted of 84 days divided into three 28-day periods preceded by three step-up diets. A quadratic effect was found for average daily gain and final body weight, as well as for leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, and for urea and blood urea nitrogen. A linear effect was observed for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transferase. The inclusion of 2 g of RA daily improved the performance of feedlot Nellore steers.

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The objectives of the present study were to characterize and define homogenous production environments of composite beef cattle in Brazil in terms of climatic and geographic variables using multivariate exploratory techniques and to use them to assess the presence of G x E for birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW). Data from animals born between 1995 and 2008 on 36 farms located in 27 municipalities of the Brazilian states were used. Fifteen years of climate observations (mean minimum and maximum annual temperature and mean annual rainfall) and geographic (latitude, longitude and altitude) data were obtained for each municipality where the farms were located for characterization of the production environments. Hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analysis was used to group farms located in regions with similar environmental variables into clusters. Six clusters of farms were formed. The effect of sire-cluster interaction was tested by single-trait analysis using deviance information criterion (DIC). Genetic parameters were estimated by multi-trait analysis considering the same trait to be different in each cluster. According to the values of DIC, the inclusion of sire-cluster effect did not improve the fit of the genetic evaluation model for BW and WW. Estimates of genetic correlations among clusters ranged from -0.02 to 0.92. The low genetic correlation among the most studied regions permits us to suggest that a separate genetic evaluation for some regions should be undertaken. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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This study correlated the composition of the spoilage bacterial flora with the main gaseous and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in the package headspace of spoiled, chilled, vacuum-packed meat. Fifteen chilled, vacuum-packed beef samples, suffering from blown pack spoilage, were studied using 16S rRNA clone sequencing. More than 50% of the bacteria were identified as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), followed by clostridia and enterobacteria. Fifty-one volatile compounds were detected in the spoiled samples. Although the major spoilage compounds were identified as alcohols and aldehydes, CO2 was identified as the major gas in the spoiled samples by headspace technique. Different species of bacteria contribute to different volatile compounds during meat spoilage. LAB played an important role in blown pack deterioration of the Brazilian beef studied.

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Although several studies on ammonia poisoning have been carried out, there is a lack of information on acid-base balance status in ammonia-poisoned cattle. Twelve crossbred steers received intraruminally 0.5 g of urea per kg of body weight in order to induce a clinical picture of ammonia poisoning. Blood samples were collected throughout the trials in order to determine the blood ammonia, lactate, and perform blood gas analysis. All cattle presented a classical clinical picture of ammonia poisoning, with a blood ammonia concentration rising progressively from the beginning until reaching higher values at 180 min (27 ± 3 to 1719 ± 101 μmol L-1), with a similar pattern occurring with blood L-lactate levels (1.7 ± 0.3 to 26.0 ± 1.7 mmol L-1). The higher the blood ammonia concentration the higher the blood L-lactate levels (r = 0.86). All animals developed metabolic acidosis, as blood pH lowered to 7.24 0.03. The steers tried to compensate the metabolic acidosis mainly through the use of blood buffers and respiratory adjustments by lowering the pCO2 levels in the blood to 32.8 ± 2.0 mm Hg.