Role of pre and post-operative oral calcium and vitamin D supplements in prevention of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy

Aim. to evaluate the role of pre and post-operative oral calcium and vitamin D supplements in prevention of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. Patients and methods. 50 consecutive patients, undergoing total thyroidectomy, were enrolled. Oral calcium and vitamin D were administered in the pre and post-operative time. The data concerning symptomatic and laboratoristic hypocalcemia were collected. Results. Incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was very low (6%); incidence of laboratoristic hypocalcemia was 10%. No permanent hypocalcemia developed. Conclusions. Implementing oral calcium and vitamin D both before and after total thyroidectomy can reduce the incidence of hypocalcemia related to surgery.

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroid surgery: how can we improve the learning curve?

Objective. Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) is a technically demanding procedure and requires a surgical team skilled in both endocrine and endoscopic surgery. A time consuming learning and training period is mandatory at the beginning of the experience. The aim of our report is to focus some aspects of the learning curve of the surgeon who practices video-assisted thyroid procedures for the first time, through the analysis of our preliminary series of 36 cases. Patients and methods. From September 2004 to April 2005 we selected 36 patients for minimally invasive video-assisted surgery of the thyroid. The patients were considered eligible if they presented with a nodule not exceeding 35mm in maximum diameter; total thyroid volume within normal range; absence of biochemical and echographic signs of thyroiditis. We analyzed surgical results, conversion rate, operating time, post-operative complications, hospital stay, cosmetic outcome of the series. Results. We performed 36 total thyroidectomy. The procedure was successfully carried out in 33/36 cases. Post-operative complications included 3 transient recurrent nerve palsies and 2 transient hypocalcemias; no definitive hypoparathyroidism was registered. All patients were discharged 2 days after operation. The cosmetic result was considered excellent by most patients. Conclusions. Advances in skills and technology have enabled surgeons to reproduce most open surgical techniques with video-assistance or laparoscopically. Training is essential to acquire any new surgical technique and it should be organized in detail to exploit it completely.

A time bomb in the thorax: the giant ascending aortic aneurysm. Case report

We report the case of a 82-year-old woman, asymptomatic, subject to chest computed tomography for trauma. Then the patient underwent surgery. Before sternotomy, femoro-femoral bypass was starter in order to decompress the aneurysm; using deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest, ascending aorta and hemiarch replacement were performed with a Dacron graft. Post-operative course was uneventful.

Laparoscopic surgery in acute small bowel obstruction. Our experience

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a very common condition, in the vast majority of cases caused by post-operative adhesions. It often requires surgical treatment. Traditionally, this consisted of a laparotomy, but nowadays a laparoscopic approach is also possible. This study discusses 24 cases of SBO and compares them with literature data. Successful complete laparoscopic treatment was feasible in 9 patients, while conversion to laparoscopically-assisted surgery or laparotomy was required for the others.

Small bowel adenocarcinoma. Two case reports

Introduction. Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor, with a still not well studied tumorigenesis process, and non-specific symptoms that cause a delay in the diagnosis and consequently a worst outcome for the patient. Videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) and double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of patients with small bowel diseases. Surgery is the treatment of choice when feasible, while the chemotherapeutic approach is still not well standardized. Case reports. Two cases in 2 months (two women 52 and 72-yr-old) of primary bowel adenocarcinoma is reported. The site of the tumor was in jejunum, instead of the most common site in duodenum. The patients underwent DBE with biopsy and ink mark. Laparoscopic-assisted bowel segmental resection was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was primary jejunum adenocarcinoma. No post-operative mortality or significant morbidities were noted. Conclusion. The combination of DBE and laparocopic-assisted bowel surgery represents an ideal diagnostic and therapeutic method.

Surgical treatment of thymoma. Personal experience

Introduction. Thymomas (THs) are rare epithelial tumors of the thymus gland. In this study we report our personal experience in the management and surgical treatment of THs. Case reports. We report two clinical cases treated with combined therapy (surgery followed by adjuvant therapy). Results. Total transternal thymectomy was performed in both patients. The post-operative course was uneventful. The patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. No relapse has been observed during follow-up. Discussion. THs are usually slowly growing tumors with similar incidence in both sexes. They occur through a wide age range, with a peak in the fifth and sixth decades. Distinctive features reminiscent of the normal thymus make the pathologic diagnosis of THs easy in most cases. Malignant behaviour is indicated by microscopic or macroscopic invasion of the tumor capsule or surrounding organs or by the presence of metastases. Although there is no standardized staging system for thymoma, the one proposed by Masaoka is commonly employed. Total thymectomy is the procedure of choice, even for encapsulated tumors, with carefully exploration of the mediastinum for evidence of ectopic thymic tissue or local invasion. Conclusions. Despite an indolent course and a cytologically bland appearance, all thymic tumors can manifest a malignant behavior. Surgery continues to be the mainstay of treatment, and the ability to achieve complete resection seems to be the most important prognostic factor. Multimodality treatment involving postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy appears to increase the rate of complete resection and improves survival in advanced THs.

Benefits of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in the geriatric patient

Background. Our aim is the retrospective valuation of results in over 75 year-old patients, with colorectal cancer, treated with laparoscopic and laparotomic surgery, considering how laparoscopic surgery has improved these patients’ outcome. Patients and methods. We took all over 75 year-old patients, affected by colorectal cancer, treated with colectomy. Patients has been divided into two groups: laparotomy group and laparoscopy group. Data concerning patients, i.e., age, sex, BMI, ASA, comorbidities, were collected with data concerning the operation (surgical time, conversion percentage). Postoperative outcomes – i.e., gas evacuation, bowel movements, solid and liquid feeding, need to ICU, complications, re-surgery, hospitalization and type of discharge, mortality – were evaluated. Results. A total of 145 patients are included: laparotomy 80 and laparoscopy 51. Two groups are homogeneous for age, sex, BMI, ASA, comorbidities. Surgical times are the same. Need to Intesive Care Unit (ICU) is lower in laparoscopy. Gas evacuation and bowel movements are earlier in laparoscopy. Liquid and solid diet is earlier in laparoscopy. Hospitalization was earlier after laparoscopy. Discharge at home is more frequent in laparoscopy. Major and minor complications are lower in laparoscopy. Post-operative mortality is lower in laparoscopy. Conclusions. Laparoscopy improves over 75 year-old patients’ outcomes, after elective surgery for colorectal cancer. Surgery trauma, anaesthesia, nutritional and hemodynamic alterations, are factors that break the old patients’ fragile physiologic balance. Less traumatic surgery improves old patients’ outcomes.

Evaluation of negative pressure vacuum-assisted system in acute and chronic wounds closure. Our experience

Negative-pressure therapy or vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) has been used in clinical applications since the 1940’s and has increased in popularity over the past decade. This dressing technique consists of an open cell foam dressing put into the wound cavity, a vacuum pump produces a negative pressure and an adhesive drape. A controlled sub atmospheric pressure from 75 to 150 mmHg is applied. The vacuum-assisted closure has been applied by many clinicians to chronic wounds in humans; however it cannot be used as a replacement for surgical debridement. The initial treatment for every contaminated wound should be the necrosectomy. The VAC therapy has a complementary function and the range of its indications includes pressure sores, stasis ulcers, chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, post traumatic and post operative wounds, infected wounds such as necrotizing fasciitis or sternal wounds, soft-tissue injuries, bone exposed injuries, abdominal open wounds and for securing a skin graft. We describe our experience with the VAC dressing used to manage acute and chronic wounds in a series of 135 patients, with excellent results together with satisfaction of the patients.

A case of extraovarian primary peritoneal carcinoma in an oophorectomized-hysterectomized patient: a diagnostic dilemma

Extra Ovarian Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma (EOPPC) is a rare type of adenocarcinoma of the pelvic and abdominal peritoneum. The objective examination and the histological aspect of the neoplasia virtually overlaps with that of ovarian carcinoma. The reported case is that of a 72 year-old patient who had undergone a total hysterectomy with bilateral annessiectomy surgery 20 years earlier subsequently to a diagnosis for uterine leiomyomatosis. The patient came to our attention presenting recurring abdominal pain, constipation, weight loss, severe asthenia and fever. Her blood test results showed hypochromic microcytic anemia and a remarkable increase CA125 marker levels. Instrumental diagnostics with Ultrasound (US) and CT scans indicated the presence of a single peritoneal mass (10-12 cm diameter) close to the great epiploon. The patient was operated through a midline abdominal incision and the mass was removed with the great omentum. No primary tumor was found anywhere else in the abdomen and in the pelvis. The operation lasted approximately 50 minutes. The post-operative course was normal and the patient was discharged four days later. The histological exam of the neoplasia, supported by immunohistochemical analysis, showed a significant positivity for CA 125, vimentin and cytocheratin, presence of psammoma bodies, and cytoarchitectural pattern resembling that of a serous ovarian carcinoma even in absence of primitiveness, leading to a final diagnosis of EOPPC. The patient later underwent six cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel (135 mg/m2/24 hr) in association with cisplatin (75mg/m2). At the fourth year follow-up no sign of relapse was observed. .

Behind Recurrent Thromboembolic Events

We describe the case of a 68-year-old man, who presented with an ischemic stroke due to cardiac embolization related to mitral valve endocarditis. Blood cultures were always negative and post-operative valve histology did not show microorganisms. The patient also presented further recurrent peripheral embolic events. These clinical aspects were the first sign of a pancreas adenocarcinoma, which was only diagnosed in the clinical autopsy. In conclusion, these clinical findings of recurrent thromboembolic events with no microorganisms isolated suggests the diagnostic of a marantic endocarditis.