Empirical evidence of S-curves in the Colombian

The Marshall-Lerner condition, the J-curve and S-curve have emerged as theoretical and empirical foundations developed for the study of the interaction between exchange rates and international patterns of bilateral trade -- They have a significant bearing on thedevelopment of public policy, and are of equal interest to the academic and professional communities -- The most recently developed of these theories, the S-Curve, is named after the theorized short-run behavior to be found in the cross-correlation function of the real exchange rate and the trade balance -- Considering this theoretical context, the paper seeks empirical evidence of the existence of the S-Curve in the bilateral trade in commodity and non-commodity goods between Colombia and the United States and Venezuela, its main trading partners, for the yearly quarters between 1994:1 and 2009:4

Exchange rate dynamics, structural breaks, and central bank interventions in Colombia

We evaluate the effectiveness of the Colombian Central Bank´s interventions in the foreign exchange market during the period 2000 to 2014 -- We examine the stochastic process that describes the exchange rate, with a focus on the detection of structural breaks or unit roots in the data to determine whether the Central Bank´s interventions were effective -- We find that the exchange rate can be described either by a random walk or by a trend-stationary model with multiple breaks -- In neither cases do we find any evidence that the exchange rate was affected by the Central Bank interventions

Reporte financiero Burkenroad / Latinoamérica – Colombia Avianca Holdings S.A.

Se recomienda “Comprar”, la acción de Avianca Holdings S.A. puesto que se proyectó un valor de COP2.480,35 o USD6,57 por ADR al 30 de junio de 2016, con un potencial de valorización del 30,54% -- Los factores claves que sustentan la valoración consideran la estrategia comunicada por la compañía que incluye: racionalización del Capex y crecimiento moderado de capacidad (ASK) en el mediano plazo; disminución de yields en el corto plazo afectados por la devaluación del tipo de cambio; eficiencia en el factor de ocupación y costos de operación (CASK), beneficio en corto plazo por los bajos precios del combustible y enfoque en la generación de flujo de caja para disminuir el nivel de apalancamiento -- La acción tiene un Alto Riesgo de inversión, por la fuerte dependencia al tipo de cambio y precio del crudo, los cuales tienen una alta volatilidad