Numerical analysis of the modal coupling at low resonances in a Colombian Andean Bandola in C using the finite element method

The work presented in this thesis is concerned with the dynamical behavior of a CBandola's acoustical box at low resonances -- Two models consisting of two and three coupled oscillators are proposed in order to analyse the response at the first two and three resonances, respectively -- These models describe the first resonances in a bandola as a combination of the lowest modes of vibration of enclosed air, top and back plates -- Physically, the coupling between these elements is caused by the fluid-structure interaction that gives rise to coupled modes of vibration for the assembled resonance box -- In this sense, the coupling in the models is expressed in terms of the ratio of effective areas and masses of the elements which is an useful parameter to control the coupling -- Numerical models are developed for the analysis of modal coupling which is performed using the Finite Element Method -- First, it is analysed the modal behavior of separate elements: enclosed air, top plate and back plate -- This step is important to identify participating modes in the coupling -- Then, a numerical model of the resonance box is used to compute the coupled modes -- The computation of normal modes of vibration was executed in the frequency range of 0-800Hz -- Although the introduced models of coupled oscillators only predict maximum the first three resonances, they also allow to study qualitatively the coupling between the rest of the computed modes in the range -- Considering that dynamic response of a structure can be described in terms of the modal parameters, this work represents, in a good approach, the basic behavior of a CBandola, although experimental measurements are suggested as further work to verify the obtained results and get more information about some characteristics of the coupled modes, for instance, the phase of vibration of the air mode and the radiation e ciency

Triangular mesh parameterization with trimmed surfaces

Given a 2manifold triangular mesh \(M \subset {\mathbb {R}}^3\), with border, a parameterization of \(M\) is a FACE or trimmed surface \(F=\{S,L_0,\ldots, L_m\}\) -- \(F\) is a connected subset or region of a parametric surface \(S\), bounded by a set of LOOPs \(L_0,\ldots ,L_m\) such that each \(L_i \subset S\) is a closed 1manifold having no intersection with the other \(L_j\) LOOPs -- The parametric surface \(S\) is a statistical fit of the mesh \(M\) -- \(L_0\) is the outermost LOOP bounding \(F\) and \(L_i\) is the LOOP of the ith hole in \(F\) (if any) -- The problem of parameterizing triangular meshes is relevant for reverse engineering, tool path planning, feature detection, redesign, etc -- Stateofart mesh procedures parameterize a rectangular mesh \(M\) -- To improve such procedures, we report here the implementation of an algorithm which parameterizes meshes \(M\) presenting holes and concavities -- We synthesize a parametric surface \(S \subset {\mathbb {R}}^3\) which approximates a superset of the mesh \(M\) -- Then, we compute a set of LOOPs trimming \(S\), and therefore completing the FACE \(F=\ {S,L_0,\ldots ,L_m\}\) -- Our algorithm gives satisfactory results for \(M\) having low Gaussian curvature (i.e., \(M\) being quasi-developable or developable) -- This assumption is a reasonable one, since \(M\) is the product of manifold segmentation preprocessing -- Our algorithm computes: (1) a manifold learning mapping \(\phi : M \rightarrow U \subset {\mathbb {R}}^2\), (2) an inverse mapping \(S: W \subset {\mathbb {R}}^2 \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^3\), with \ (W\) being a rectangular grid containing and surpassing \(U\) -- To compute \(\phi\) we test IsoMap, Laplacian Eigenmaps and Hessian local linear embedding (best results with HLLE) -- For the back mapping (NURBS) \(S\) the crucial step is to find a control polyhedron \(P\), which is an extrapolation of \(M\) -- We calculate \(P\) by extrapolating radial basis functions that interpolate points inside \(\phi (M)\) -- We successfully test our implementation with several datasets presenting concavities, holes, and are extremely nondevelopable -- Ongoing work is being devoted to manifold segmentation which facilitates mesh parameterization

Numerical estimation of Carbonate properties using a digital rock physics workflow

Digital rock physics combines modern imaging with advanced numerical simulations to analyze the physical properties of rocks -- In this paper we suggest a special segmentation procedure which is applied to a carbonate rock from Switzerland -- Starting point is a CTscan of a specimen of Hauptmuschelkalk -- The first step applied to the raw image data is a nonlocal mean filter -- We then apply different thresholds to identify pores and solid phases -- Because we are aware of a nonneglectable amount of unresolved microporosity we also define intermediate phases -- Based on this segmentation determine porositydependent values for the pwave velocity and for the permeability -- The porosity measured in the laboratory is then used to compare our numerical data with experimental data -- We observe a good agreement -- Future work includes an analytic validation to the numerical results of the pwave velocity upper bound, employing different filters for the image segmentation and using data with higher resolution

Sensitivity analysis in optimized parametric curve fitting

Purpose – Curve fitting from unordered noisy point samples is needed for surface reconstruction in many applications -- In the literature, several approaches have been proposed to solve this problem -- However, previous works lack formal characterization of the curve fitting problem and assessment on the effect of several parameters (i.e. scalars that remain constant in the optimization problem), such as control points number (m), curve degree (b), knot vector composition (U), norm degree (k), and point sample size (r) on the optimized curve reconstruction measured by a penalty function (f) -- The paper aims to discuss these issues -- Design/methodology/approach - A numerical sensitivity analysis of the effect of m, b, k and r on f and a characterization of the fitting procedure from the mathematical viewpoint are performed -- Also, the spectral (frequency) analysis of the derivative of the angle of the fitted curve with respect to u as a means to detect spurious curls and peaks is explored -- Findings - It is more effective to find optimum values for m than k or b in order to obtain good results because the topological faithfulness of the resulting curve strongly depends on m -- Furthermore, when an exaggerate number of control points is used the resulting curve presents spurious curls and peaks -- The authors were able to detect the presence of such spurious features with spectral analysis -- Also, the authors found that the method for curve fitting is robust to significant decimation of the point sample -- Research limitations/implications - The authors have addressed important voids of previous works in this field -- The authors determined, among the curve fitting parameters m, b and k, which of them influenced the most the results and how -- Also, the authors performed a characterization of the curve fitting problem from the optimization perspective -- And finally, the authors devised a method to detect spurious features in the fitting curve -- Practical implications – This paper provides a methodology to select the important tuning parameters in a formal manner -- Originality/value - Up to the best of the knowledge, no previous work has been conducted in the formal mathematical evaluation of the sensitivity of the goodness of the curve fit with respect to different possible tuning parameters (curve degree, number of control points, norm degree, etc.)

Simulación de excavaciones urbanas mediante modelos de elementos finitos en depósitos sedimentarios de origen aluvial en Sabaneta

En este trabajo se realizan simulaciones de excavaciones profundas en suelos de origen aluvial en la ciudad de Sabaneta, mediante el empleo de modelos en elementos finitos integrados por el software PLAXIS® -- Los desplazamientos horizontales son comparados con mediciones de inclinómetros instalados en el trasdós del muro diafragma anclado del proyecto Centro Comercial Mayorca Fase III, localizado en el municipio de Sabaneta, Antioquia -- Finalmente, se concluye acerca de la sensibilidad de los parámetros más relevantes según el modelo constitutivo empleado y la viabilidad en su aplicación para la solución del problema evaluado

Estudio numérico y experimental de fenómenos hidrodinámicos que ocurren en bombas centrífugas como turbinas

La tendencia mundial de administrar y operar a distancia las centrales hidroeléctricas está obligando a los expertos a replantear los estrategias de monitoreo y diagnóstico de sus máquinas -- Esto ha conducido también, a reducir el personal experto que reside in-situ y que se encarga de operar y mantener los sistemas técnicos, y además de atender cualquier eventualidad que pueda ocurrir -- Por eso, desde hace ya varios años se han venido desarrollando sistemas expertos que puedan suplir las deficiencias del recurso humano -- Pero aunque tales sistemas han alcanzado niveles interesantes de independencia, aún requieren del acompañamiento de un experto que pueda interpretar las evidencias, emitir un diagnóstico y tomar una decisión -- Un ejemplo de los aspectos que aún se deben perfeccionar, es el se las falsas alarmas que llegan a producir el efecto “cry wolf” y que terminan por inactivar el sistema -- Otra forma de enfrentar esta nueva dinámica de operación es la de subcontratar el servicio de diagnóstico técnico, que puede dar resultados aceptables, pero no siempre en el caso de centrales hidroeléctricas -- Las centrales por lo general se encuentran en sitios remotos y en ocasiones blindadas por condiciones geográficas y climatológicas por lo que no es posible reaccionar rápidamente para atender una eventualidad cuando el experto y sus instrumentos no están cerca -- Una solución que resulta conveniente es de hecho, la centralización de la experticia para los servicios de monitoreo y diagnóstico técnico, soportados por una plataforma portátil e idealmente no-invasiva, que permanezca siempre junto a las máquinas y que pueda ser consultada on-line -- De este modo una cantidad reducida de expertos tendrán acceso permanente a las variables o síntomas que definen el estado técnico de la maquinaria; ellos se encargarán de analizar las señales sintomáticas, evaluar los resultados, emitir juicios y elaborar reportes ejecutivos que finalmente llegarán a manos del administrador o persona encargada de la operación -- Esta alternativa aliviará molestias relacionadas con los procesos de monitoreo y diagnóstico: instrumentación/sensórica, cableado, acondicionamiento de señales, adquisición digital de datos, procesamiento de señales, administración y gestión de equipos, reporte de resultados, recomendaciones, etc. -- Este proyecto propone en dos etapas, el diseño de una plataforma tecnológica que pueda soportar la alternativa mencionada -- En detalle, el diseño de un sistema integrado de adquisición de datos que además de ser portátil, modular y escalable, adecuado para monitoreo de las principales variables de diagnóstico de una central hidroeléctrica; que aunque no incorpore un sistema experto, si ofrece las herramientas de análisis, diagnóstico y toma de decisiones del estado del arte