On freedom : commencement essay, 1793

Four-page handwritten essay titled "On Freedom" composed by graduate Joseph Stowers for the July 17, 1793 Harvard University Commencement. The essay begins, "Freedom alone constitutes the happiness of the human race..."

Account book of David Townsend, 1774-1791

Account book kept by Dr. David Townsend (1753-1829) that records patients treated, illnesses, and fees charged in Boston, Massachusetts, and neighboring towns from 1774 to 1791. His patients included a number of soldiers and sailors, as well as figures like the French-American writer John Hector St. John (1735-1813). Townsend's treatments typically consisted of delivering cathartics or emetics. For the family of Samuel Appleton, Townsend administered smallpox inoculation in 1776, charging him 4 pounds, 4 shillings. Townsend sometimes recorded the occupation or race of the patient. For example, he attended the delivery of a child of Sappho Henshaw, "black girl," in 1786; in 1787 he attended to an unnamed "black man at [who lived at the] corner of Board Alley" in the North End of Boston. Other patients included John Hancock (1736-1793) and members of Hancock's household, as well as Federalist publisher John Fenno (1751-1798).

Proposed Parks and Parkways, Boston, Massachusetts, 1876 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Proposed parks and parkways. It was published by Park Dept., City of Boston in 1876. Scale [ca. 1:25,000]. Covers also parts of adjacent towns and cities, including all of Cambridge, Somerville, and Brookline.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001) coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, proposed parks, parkways, and roads, public grounds, sewer lines, railroad stations, radial distances from City Hall, and more.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

London, England, 1890 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Central London. It was published by G.W. Bacon & Co. in 1890. Scale [ca. 1:15,840]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, etc.), docks, parks, cemeteries, city district boundaries, and more. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Boston, Massachusetts Region, Digital Elevation Model with Bathymetry

This raster layer represents surface elevation and bathymetry data for the Boston Region, Massachusetts. It was created by merging portions of MassGIS Digital Elevation Model 1:5,000 (2005) data with NOAA Estuarine Bathymetric Digital Elevation Models (30 m.) (1998). DEM data was derived from the digital terrain models that were produced as part of the MassGIS 1:5,000 Black and White Digital Orthophoto imagery project. Cellsize is 5 meters by 5 meters. Each cell has a floating point value, in meters, which represents its elevation above or below sea level.

Boston Harbor Including Boston and Surroundings, Massachusetts, Nautical Chart, 1775 (Image 1 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic nautical chart entitled: A chart of the harbour of Boston (sheet originally published in 1775). The map is [sheet 21] from the Atlantic Neptune atlas Vol. 3 : Charts of the coast and harbors of New England, from surveys taken by Samuel Holland and published by J.F.W. Des Barres, 1781. Scale [ca. 1:25,000]. This layer is image 1 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the western portion of the map. Covers Boston and surrounding towns and Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. The image is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'World Mercator' (WGS 84) projected coordinate system. All map collar information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as harbors, inlets, rocks, channels, points, coves, shoals, islands, and more. Includes also selected land features such as cities and towns, roads, fortifications, and buildings. Relief is shown by hachures; depths by soundings and shading. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection. The entire Atlantic Neptune atlas Vol. 3 : Charts of the coast and harbors of New England has been scanned and georeferenced as part of this selection.

Norfolk County, Massachusetts, 1858 (Image 4 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the county of Norfolk, Massachusetts, based upon the details of the trigonometrical survey of the state; the details from actual surveys under the direction of Henry F. Walling. Supt. of the state map. It was published by Smith & Bumstead in 1858. Scale [ca. 1:40,000]. This layer is image 4 of 4 total images, representing the northeast portion of the four sheet source map.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and school district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

London, England, 1749 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: To Martin Folkes esq.r, president of the Royal Society : this plan of the cities of London and Westminster and borough of Southwark, with the contiguous buildings is humbly inscribed, by his most humble servants John Pine and John Tinney ; Isaac Basire [&] R.W. Seale engraved the plan letters. It was published by John Pine : John Tinney, print and map sellar in May 20th, 1749. Scale [ca. 1:15,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, selected buildings, parks, ground cover, docks, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

London, England, 1783 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Bowles's new pocket plan of the cities of London & Westminster with the borough of Southwark : comprehending the new buildings and other alterations to the year 1783. It was printed for the proprietor Carrington Bowles, Jan. 6, 1783. Scale [ca. 1:9,800]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, selected buildings, churches, built-up areas, docks, parks, cemeteries, city district boundaries, and more. Includes a list of references for points of interest and an explanation list. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

London, England, 1814 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: London in miniature : with the surrounding villages, an entire new plan in which the improvements both present and intended are actually reduced (by permission) from the surveys of the several proprietors : the whole laide down from the best authorities, carefully corrected to the present time by Edward Mogg. It was published by Edward Mogg in 1814. Scale [ca. 1:16,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, selected buildings, built-up areas, parks, borough boundaries, docks, bridges, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

London, England, 1822 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: A new map of London and its environs : from an original survey extending 8 miles east and west, 6 1/4 miles north & south, in which all new and intended buildings, improvements, &c. are carefully inserted, drawn by Mr. Thompson. It was published by Reeves & Hoare May 5, 1822. Scale [ca. 1:17,150]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, selected buildings, built-up areas, parks, docks, city and borough boundaries, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes "Explanation of Colours". This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

London, England, 1830 (Image 1 of 6) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of London : made from an actual survey in the years 1824, 1825, & 1826, by C. & J. Greenwood, extended and comprising the various improvements to 1830 ; engraved by Josiah Neele. It was published by C. & J. Greenwood August 31st, 1830. Scale [ca. 1: 63,360]. This layer is image 1 of 6 total images of the six sheet source map, representing the northwest portion of the map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, selected buildings, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, etc.), docks, parks, cemeteries, ground cover, windmills, city district boundaries, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes "Explanation" table for points of interest & "References to the Parishes &c." This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

London, England, 1830 (Image 4 of 6) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of London : made from an actual survey in the years 1824, 1825, & 1826, by C. & J. Greenwood, extended and comprising the various improvements to 1830 ; engraved by Josiah Neele. It was published by C. & J. Greenwood August 31st, 1830. Scale [ca. 1: 63,360]. This layer is image 4 of 6 total images of the six sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, selected buildings, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, etc.), docks, parks, cemeteries, ground cover, windmills, city district boundaries, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes view of Westminster Cathedral, "Explanation" table for points of interest & "References to the Parishes &c." This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

London, England, 1847 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: London and its environs : containing the boundaries of the metropolitan boroughs, the different railroads & stations, the new cemeteries, roads, docks, canals, and all the modern improvements : this map is chiefly from the Ordinance Survey, the railroads and other improvements are from the official copies, the boroughs of Marylebone from the survey published by M.r Britton, the whole corrected from personal observation & measurement, drawn and engraved by B. R. Davies. It was published by C. F. Cheffins, lithog : Wm. S. Orr & Co., Dec. 1, 1847. Scale [ca. 1:42,000]. Covers a portion of Greater London. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, selected buildings, built-up areas, cemeteries, parks, Borough boundaries, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes legend below lower margin. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

London, England, 1851 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Reynolds's map of London : with the latest improvements, drawn & engraved by H. Martin. It was published by J. Reynolds in 1851. Scale [ca. 1:16,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, buildings, parks, docks, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.