A participação dos medidores eletrônicos na rede inteligente de energia elétrica

Depuis que l'électricité a été découverte et que le secteur électrique s'est considérablement développé dans le XVIIIe siècle, jamais l'homme n'a pu se détacher de cette énergie. Pendant longtemps le système d'énergie électrique a fonctionné sans grand changement, mais avec le développement rapide des technologies, de nouvelles améliorations apparaissent. Ce mémoire traite des nouveaux concepts de réseaux d'énergie électrique appelés Réseaux intelligents ou Smart Grid. À travers un panorama de leurs développements dans le monde, cette étude porte d'une part, sur l'avancée des projets dans quelques pays et d'autre part, du niveau de développement de ce réseau au Brésil et de son intérêt pour le pays. L'étude a comme point central un des composants de ce réseau intelligent, le compteur communicant, qui est l'élément essentiel des interconnexions entre consommateurs et producteurs. Ce rapport apporte un éclaircissement sur les compteurs conventionnels et les compteurs intelligents et sur leur mode de fonctionnement. Enfin il aborde la question des consommateurs : par quels moyens leur transmettre tous ces changements à venir, puisque jusqu'à présent, leur seule participation était de payer l'énergie consommée. Avec le nouveau réseau, ils deviendront de véritables acteurs puisqu'ils seront informés en temps réel de leur consommation d'énergie électrique. Pour terminer, le mémoire montrera comment ils pourront s'adapter à cette nouvelle façon de gérer leur consommation en ésperant les inciter à une utilisation plus raisonnable de l'énergie et à modifier leur comportement en gérant de manière active leur consommation en intégrant notamment les énergies renouvelables

Estimativa do potencial de acréscimo da oferta de energia no setor sucroalcooleiro paulista a partir de cogeração e gaseificação do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com utilização de ciclo combinado

This work evaluates the existing potential in the state of Sao Paulo for the generation of electrical energy using the sugar cane bagasse as fuel. As the bagasse is a by-product of the sugarcane and alcohol industry and it is produced in large scale in the country, mainly in the state of Sao Paulo, it is important to develop researches that aim the best utilization of this input. In order to determine its potential, at first, a study was conducted considering the utilization of the cogeneration, which is a common practice in the plants of the sector. However, it was concluded that the cogeneration could provide a higher quantity of energy if more modern technologies and more efficient processes were used. Another study to estimate the potential considered a system of gasification of the sugar cane bagasse integrated with the combined cycle (BIG/GTCC). It was concluded that this technology can provide a considerable increase in the electrical supply. In this work it was also developed an energetic study based on real data from a plant located in the state of Sao Paulo. A thermodynamic analysis was done in the existing equipment of the cogeneration section of the plant. And another analysis was done considering the implementation of the BIG/GTCC technology to the cogeneration system. Comparing the results of both settings, it was concluded that the utilization of the sugar cane bagasse integrated to a combined cycle increased considerably the efficiency in the generation of electricity of the plant, increasing more than six times its production capacity of electrical energy

Localizador de faltas por ondas viajantes em linhas de transmissão

It is important to ensure smoothly operation of a transmission line, sending energy to the consumption centers with minimal interruptions and safer. With this necessity, the fault location techniques have grown, in order to mitigate the impact of the fault and its correction can be more quickly and accurately. This paper presents a comparison between two different techniques of fault location, the fault location by impedance method, which uses the line parameters, the impedance per distance, voltage and current signals, and the other is the traveling wave method, which uses only a very fast analysis of time, synchronization and length between the line ends, do not using voltage and current values, but the temporal perception of the fault. Using travelling waves fault detection makes the previous knowledge of line parameters obsolete, which helps a lot network technicians and engineers with a quick and easy analysis. The methods are simulated in ATP Draw software, so both algorithms can be evaluated for their effectively and accuracy

Análise organizacional de acidentes de trabalho no setor de distribuição de energia elétrica

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB