7 resultados para Venenos - Purificação
em Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Resumo:
This study used a multi-analytical approach based on traditional microbiological methods for cultivation and isolation of heterotrophic bacteria in the laboratory associated with the molecular identification of the isolates and physicochemical analysis of environmental samples. The model chosen for data integration was supported by knowledge from computational neuroscience, and composed by three modules: (i) microbiological parameters, contemplating taxonomic data obtained from the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from 80 colonies of heterotrophic bacteria isolated by plating method in PCA media. For bacterial colonies isolation were used water samples from Atibaia and Jaguarí rivers collected at the site of water captation for use in effluent treatment, upstream from the entrance of treated effluent from the Paulínia refinery (REPLAN/Petrobras) located in the Paulínia-SP municipality, from the output of the biological treatment plant with stabilization pond and from the raw refinery wastewater; (ii) chemical parameters, ending measures of dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chloride, acidity CaCO3, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved ions, sulfides, oils and greases; and (iii) physical parameters, comprising the pH determination, conductivity, temperature, transparency, settleable solids, suspended and soluble solids, volatile material, remaining fixing material (RFM), apparent color and turbidity. The results revealed interesting theoretical relationships involving two families of bacteria (Carnobacteriaceae and Aeromonadaceae). Carnobacteriaceae revealed positive theoretical relationships with COD, BOD, nitrate, chloride, temperature, conductivity and apparent color and negative theoretical relationships with the OD. Positive theoretical relationships were shown between Aeromonadaceae and OD and nitrate, while this bacterial family showed negative theoretical...
Resumo:
The action of man has led, over the years, major impacts on the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystems, leading to an impairment of water quality, considered one of the essential factors for the maintenance of vital functions and consequently the life of the planet. Among the activities considered a risk for the environment are linked to pollution from many sources and even entire watersheds, whether by industrial waste, sewage, or for substances used in agriculture, such as pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. The (2,4-D) 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is used worldwide, and the fact that its genotoxicity is proven by several studies and by its long persistence in soil, which enables the leaching and percolation of compounds affecting water bodies, toxicity studies are relevant and justifiable. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of 2,4-D by examining the liver of the fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to different dilutions. Portions of liver were collected and fixed for histological and histochemical techniques to detect total proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. lipids. Treatment with 2,4-D herbicide apparently did not alter the lipid profiles, the accumulation of polysaccharides, and the presence of total proteins. The 2.5 and 5.0% were lethal to fish. These mortalities are probably of high toxic and cytotoxic potential of 2,4-D herbicide results. Several histopathological changes were found, such as: loss of cytoplasmic integrity, loss of cell limit, nuclear deformation, vacuolated cytoplasm, tissue disorganization and hydropic degeneration. Statistically significant changes were: hydropic degeneration and vacuolated cytoplasm. It is concluded, therefore, that the qualitative morphological analysis is an important method for observing changes in liver toxicology studies. As the O. niloticus species is an efficient biological indicator of water pollution by 2,4-D
Resumo:
Com o grande crescimento da população e consequentemente o aumento significativo do consumo de produtos de origem industrial, quantidades enormes de efluentes são geradas, e muitas vezes descartadas de forma imprópria. Esses resíduos industriais comumente são eliminados em mananciais hídricos, afetando lençóis freáticos, córregos, rios e oceanos. Uma das maiores evidências da poluição da água é a alteração de sua cor original. Despejo de efluentes têxteis, por exemplo, alem de alterar drasticamente a cor dos mananciais, geram produtos e subprodutos tóxicos, nocivos tanto para a flora como para a fauna aquática. Essas substâncias possuem alta persistência em meio aquático devido a sua natureza química, conferindo a estes efluentes um lento processo de biodegradação e podendo ter efeito bioacumulativo na cadeia alimentar. Assim veem sendo desenvolvidas diversas maneiras de se controlar a quantidade e a qualidade de efluentes industriais, dentre eles os de corantes têxteis. As técnicas mais utilizadas são a cloração, filtração, tratamentos floculantes e adsorção por Carvão Ativados. Porem, muitas vezes esses processos possuem desvantagens, como, por exemplo, o alto custo e alterações drásticas no pH. Assim tratamentos alternativos, como o uso de Moringa oleifera, veem sendo muito estudados. Este trabalho visou avaliar o potencial do uso das sementes de Moringa oleifera como adsorvente na remoção de corantes têxteis em meio aquoso. Para isso foi analisado a remoção do corante Direct Violet 51, utilizando pó das sementes. Foram realizados testes com diferentes tempos de contato nos valores de pH 2,5, 4,5 e 6,5. Posteriormente novos testes foram realizados, utilizando o sobrenadante e a biomassa das sementes, ambos na forma livre e imobilizada em alginato de calcio, bem como reutilização destes. Através da analise das amostras, notou-se que o processo de coagulação/floculação sobressaiu-se em...
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)