Identificação taxonômica e análise conexionista de bactérias heterotróficas e fatores abióticos de ambientes lóticos sob influência de efluentes do refino no petróleo

This study used a multi-analytical approach based on traditional microbiological methods for cultivation and isolation of heterotrophic bacteria in the laboratory associated with the molecular identification of the isolates and physicochemical analysis of environmental samples. The model chosen for data integration was supported by knowledge from computational neuroscience, and composed by three modules: (i) microbiological parameters, contemplating taxonomic data obtained from the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from 80 colonies of heterotrophic bacteria isolated by plating method in PCA media. For bacterial colonies isolation were used water samples from Atibaia and Jaguarí rivers collected at the site of water captation for use in effluent treatment, upstream from the entrance of treated effluent from the Paulínia refinery (REPLAN/Petrobras) located in the Paulínia-SP municipality, from the output of the biological treatment plant with stabilization pond and from the raw refinery wastewater; (ii) chemical parameters, ending measures of dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chloride, acidity CaCO3, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved ions, sulfides, oils and greases; and (iii) physical parameters, comprising the pH determination, conductivity, temperature, transparency, settleable solids, suspended and soluble solids, volatile material, remaining fixing material (RFM), apparent color and turbidity. The results revealed interesting theoretical relationships involving two families of bacteria (Carnobacteriaceae and Aeromonadaceae). Carnobacteriaceae revealed positive theoretical relationships with COD, BOD, nitrate, chloride, temperature, conductivity and apparent color and negative theoretical relationships with the OD. Positive theoretical relationships were shown between Aeromonadaceae and OD and nitrate, while this bacterial family showed negative theoretical...

Distribuição e abundância de Limnobium laevigatum na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itanhaém, São Paulo

A distribuição e a abundância das macrófitas aquáticas são determinadas por diversos fatores que limitam a ocorrência e o crescimento destes vegetais. Vários estudos sobre ecologia de macrófitas aquáticas têm sido realizados na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Itanhaém devido à grande abundância e riqueza de espécies de macrófitas aquáticas de água doce e salobra com diferentes formas de vida nos trechos de rios localizados na planície costeira, A macrófita aquática alvo deste estudo é a Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Heine que pode crescer enraizada nas margens dos rios ou flutuantes livres em locais com maior profundidade.Os objetivos deste trabalho são: (a) gerar um mapa de distribuição de L. laevigatum na planície costeira da bacia do rio Itanhaém; (b) verificar a existência de diferenças na abundância de L. laevigatum nos diferentes bancos desta espécie; (c) identificar quais são as variáveis abióticas responsáveis pela distribuição e a abundância de L. laevigatum na planície costeira. Para gerar o mapa de distribuição os principais rios da planície costeira foram percorridos em fevereiro de 2013 e em abril de 2015 e os locais de ocorrência foram georreferenciados. Nos locais de ocorrência foram coletadas amostras do vegetal para determinação da biomassa e teores de nitrogênio e fósforo na biomassa. Além disso foram feitas medidas de temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido e turbidez e coletas de água e sedimento para a determinação de nitrogênio e fósforo totais. Aos valores de biomassa foi aplicada uma Análise de Variância para verificar a existência de diferenças significativas entre os locais de ocorrência. Aos valores das variáveis abióticas foi aplicada uma Análise de Componentes Principais e aos dados bióticos uma Análise de Componentes Principais. Os resultados obtidos mostraram maior quantidade de locais de ocorrência em 2015 (10) em...

Impacto da redução do nível de tensão na iluminação residencial em uma rede inteligente

In this paper, we will present an overview of the smart grid defining the three main systems that compose it: smart infrastructure system, smart management system and smart protection system. We will conceptualize a functionality of smart management system, the conservative voltage reduction, citing its benefits and its history of application. And, finally, we'll cover a test in which we reduce the nominal voltages on incandescent bulbs, CFL and LED, in the context of residential lighting, and on LED and HPS, in the context of public lighting. The test aims to check whether the voltage reduction adversely affects sources of lighting by measuring the temperature manually with a thermal imaging camera FLIR and illuminance with a LUX meter. The set of power factor, total harmonic distortion, and input power values will be collected automatically through the power quality Analyzer Fluke 345 with a probe Fluke Hall Effect Current. For residential lighting, it was found that both CFL and LED had good performance with the smallest variations in illuminance. Between both, the LED source had the lowest harmonics and the lowest power consumption, on the other hand incandescent bulbs had a bad performance as expected. Public light sources also had a good performance and obtained power factors within the standards, as opposed to the CFL and LED residential sources. The data collected clearly shows the feasibility for nominal voltage reductions. Even with small reductions, there are possibilities of savings which can be passed on to the utilities and consumers

Pesquisa, projeto e construção de um sistema de ignição sem distribuidor

This work intends to know the most types of ignition systems, studying its history, the way it works, applications and some examples. The assembly of a distributor less ignition system is also required. All vehicles powered by internal combustion engines need an ignition system that allows this engine to ignite the air-fuel mixture using its ignition system in the best possible manner. The main goal of an ignition system is to obtain a spark having enough energy to start the chemical reaction of the oxygen and the fuel. It took a study dealing with the various types of ignition systems since their creation at the beginning of the last century until 2015. The work starts studying the high tension magneto ignition system and later together with the low tension ignition system, going on with the conventional ignition system and finally accomplishing with the various types of electronic ignition systems. It was studied and implemented an electronic circuit to power a double spark ignition system also known as wasted spark ignition system. This circuit was assembled with an electric pulse generator and powered mechanically by a dc electric motor of the variable rpm type