6 resultados para Sítios arqueológicos

em Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP


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A dispersão zoocórica é essencial para a regeneração das áreas abertas e perturbadas, uma vez que os frugívoros, em razão da sua variada dieta ao se alimentarem nessas áreas, trazem juntamente com as suas fezes sementes de outras localidades e outras espécies de plantas. Os morcegos filostomídeos estão entre os maiores dispersores de sementes da região Neotropical, incluindo em sua dieta diversas espécies de arbustos e árvores de estágios iniciais do processo de sucessão. Desempenham assim um importante papel na dinâmica sucessional de florestas. A família Piperaceae muitas vezes é um elemento dominante no sub-bosque de florestas Neotropicais. As plantas dessa famíliasão consideradas pioneiras na sucessão ecológica, sendo importantes para a regeneração de florestas e possuem uma forte associação com morcegos frugívoros. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o estudo da dieta dos morcegos da família Phyllostomidae em poleiros de alimentação em áreas urbanas e peri-urbanas e a realização de teste de germinação com sementes de Piper amalago oriundas dos poleiros para analisar o efeito da passagem pelo trato digestório dos morcegos sobre a germinação das sementes,. Foram encontrados dez poleiros de alimentação, sendo cinco na zona urbana e cinco em zona peri-urbana. Nos poleiros da zona urbana foram encontradas 10 espécies diferentes, e um total de 801 sementes foram analisadas, e nos poleiros da zona peri-urbana foram encontradas oito espécies diferentes, e um total de 17220 sementes analisadas. No teste de germinação as sementes do controle germinaram mais do que as que passaram pelo trato digestório (p = 2,2. 10 -16 χ2 = 86.6286). Nossos resultados não corroboram a hipótese de efetividade de dispersão de sementes de P. amalago em poleiros de alimentação de morcegos. Sugerimos que tais poleiros podem não ser sítios de germinação adequados para a espécie. Estudos com poleiros de alimentação...

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Amphibian populations worldwide have been suffering declines generated by habitat degradation, loss, fragmentation and habitat split. With habitat loss and fragmentation in the landscape comes habitat split, which is the separation between the adult anuran habitat and breeding sites, forcing individuals to move through matrix during breeding seasons. Thus, habitat split increases the chance of extinction of amphibians with aquatic larval development and acts as a filter in the selection of species having great influence on species richness and community structure. The use of functional diversity allows us to consider the identity and characteristics of each species to understand the effects of fragmentation processes. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of habitat split, as well as habitat loss in the landscape, on amphibians functional diversity (FD) and species richness (S). We selected 26 landscapes from a database with anuran surveys of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. For each landscape we calculated DF, S and landscape metrics at multiple scales. To calculate the DF we considered traits that influenced species use and persistence in the landscape. We refined maps of forest remnants and water bodies for metrics calculation. To relate DF and S (response variables) to landscape variables (explanatory variables), we used a model selection approach, fitting generalized linear models (GLMS) and making your selection with AICc. We compared the effect of model absence and models with habitat split, habitat amount and habitat connectivity effects, as well as their interaction. The most plausible models for S were the sum and interaction between habitat split in 7.5 km scale. For anurans with terrestrial development, habitat amount was the only plausible explanatory variable, in the 5 km scale. For anurans with aquatic larvae habitat amount in larger scales and the addition of habitat amount and habitat split were plausible...

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Ceramic powders based on Zn3Ga2Ge2O10: Cr3+ X% (X = 0.0; 0.5; 0.75; 1.0) were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The gallium-zinc germanate doped with chromium presents an interesting property of phosphorescence, that means, it is capable of emitting light when excited by a source of radiation, and such emission remains for some time after stopping the source. For this reason, these materials can be widely applied in night-vision surveillance, (through the use of solar energy, for example), electronic devices screen, emergency routes signals, control panels indicators in dark environments, etc. In this job were considered different amounts of dopant in order to perform a comparison of structural and photoluminescent properties. For that, some analyses were performed on samples, such as XRD, FT-Raman, SEM, UV-vis and photoluminescence measurements (PL). Such analysis allowed to infer that the presence of chromium results in no phase transformation, so that the four compositions have the same set of phases: cubic, rhombohedral and hexagonal. Although the structure was not changed, chromium influences other properties / characteristics of these materials. Examples are: increase of band-gap, decrease of average particle size, small changes in binding energy checked by Raman and especially the increase of photoluminescent property. The chromium ions have great ease in replacing gallium ions in octahedral sites, resulting in emission of light with a wavelength of about 700 nm (infrared region), which is justified by the spin-forbidden 2E 4A2 transition. In other words, chromium is a favorable luminescent center, acting as a trap in the crystal structure, since it imprisons the excitation energy easily and releases it gradually, allowing the phosphorescence. It was observed that the composition ... (Complete abastract click electronic access below)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)