Estudo sobre a redução do estresse oxidativo em sêmen equino a partir da adição de quercetina nos diluentes de refrigeração e congelação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da centrifugação e filtragem do sêmen bovino sobre a criopreservação espermática

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modelagem e simulação de ciclos a gás com resfriamento de ar na entrada

The optimization of energy generation systems has become a key issue for technological and social development, mainly in developing countries, where the electricity consumption rises sharply. Gas turbine cycle is an electricity generating system, which studies have demonstrated that inlet air cooling increases net power and thermal efficiency. Thus, this study intends to quantify these parameters for environments with different ambient temperature and relative humidity. Two types of air cooling were used: evaporative and absorption systems. The configuration parameters only with the gas turbine cycle were compared to those whose configuration allowed cooling. First, it was analyzed only evaporative cooling. Next, the absorption system was used for analysis. The last configuration mixed these two methods, dividing equally its flow. The results showed that thermal efficiency and net power increase in any case of cooling, with absorption system more advantageous in terms of generated energy, where an increase between 1 and 2 MW was observed, depending on the ambient conditions . When the two methods were working together at low relative humidity, it showed a thermal efficiency increase compared to absorption system, up to 2.4%. Evaporative cooling was less effective, but it is a good and cheap possibility to increase the cycle parameters at high temperature and low relative humidity

Análise do perfil de dureza e microestrutura de um aço forjado AISI A2 submetido a tratamento térmico com resfriamento em água

Due to the large use of steel in several processes around the world, there is the increasingly concern to find new materials and/or optimization and improvement of the processes, as the need to reduce the cost and a productivity increase in the primary industry, such as the siderurgy. The rolling is the most used mechanical process in the world and therefore is required the development of new tools in high volume and with optimum characteristics to support the market demand. Forged rolls used are for rolling. These rolls have heat treatment that has the purpose to achieve the appropriated mechanical properties to support the variables of the rolling process. The objective of this work is to analyze the hardness profile and the microstructure a tool steel similar to AISI A2, forged in an opened die process and submitted to heat treatment with water-cooling. The results allowed plotting a hardness profile and performing a microstructure analysis, and whereby to confirm that the heat treatment is not a quenching, but it is a material beneficiation by the hardening of superficial layer, since there is no martensitic microstructure. Therefore, this paper provides the support to future studies about the possibility to perform enhancements in this thermal heat made in the rolls produced at Gerdau Plant in Pindamonhangaba

Relação entre a composição de condicionadores capilares e a formação de cristais líquidos

O Brasil é o terceiro maior consumidor de cosméticos no mundo, representando a segunda colocação em produtos de higiene capilar. Tal colocação está relacionada aos nossos padrões de cuidados estéticos capilares, que muitas vezes, provocam agressões físicas e químicas, deixando os cabelos danificados e quebradiços. Os condicionadores capilares tornam-se uma ferramenta interessante, devido aos inúmeros benefícios protetores oferecidos às superfícies dos fios. A presença de tensoativos catiônicos e álcoois graxos de cadeia longa, unidos à temperatura de fusão dos materiais, velocidade de agitação imposta e resfriamento adequado do produto, podem ser os responsáveis pela formação de cristais líquidos. Tais estruturas conferem estabilidade, viscosidade, melhorias na aparência estética e sensorial do produto e, devido a estas qualidades estão ganhando espaço no mercado cosmético. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver e formular condicionadores capilares variando-se as concentrações e/ou os tensoativos catiônicos e álcoois graxos, visando obter estruturas líquido-cristalinas associadas aos condicionadores, através da técnica de microscopia de luz polarizada (MLP), caracterização das estruturas pela técnica de espalhamento de raios-X a baixo ângulo (SAXS) e analise do perfil de textura (TPA) das formulações. Foram manipuladas 14 emulsões O/A, variando-se os álcoois graxos de cadeia longa (16 a 18C) e ceras auto emulsionantes catiônicas. Os resultados da MLP foram, em sua maioria, positivos para a presença de estruturas na forma de cruz de malta. A técnica de SAXS confirmou os sistemas sugeridos pela MLP caracterizando a estrutura líquida cristalina do tipo lamelar. A TPA inferiu que a alta estabilidade física apresentada por estas emulsões, e seu particular desempenho no deslizamento dos cabelos, pode estar relacionada à presença de tal organização estrutural nas formulações...

Conforto térmico de edificações: análise crítica das tecnologias existentes

The rising in greenhouse gases emission as consequence of industrial expansion especially in developing countries is appointed as one of those reasons responsible for global warming. High-level temperatures are set as responsible for low productivity and high levels of discomfort. With the increase of worldwide energy demand, due to the population growth, this work aims to be an introductory text revising the current ventilation (mechanical and natural) and refrigeration technologies as well as low energy cooling techniques and architectural alternatives that seeks offering good ventilation and ideal buildings temperatures, making them sustainable. In addition, the text deals with the measurement instruments used to evaluate the parameters defined by international and national standards. At last, a case of study applies few concepts and technologies described in the text, introducing the results achieved, the limitations and suggestions to future works

Tratamento térmico de normalização em tampos de vasos de pressão fabricados de material P275NH

In a market environment increasingly competitive, the companies need to control of this process accurately, avoiding rework or rejection of materials during industrialization. This can be achieved by defining procedure that assure the maintenance of the materials characteristics, as specified initially in the projects. This graduation work has the objective of defining the best heat treatment parameter of normalizing for Heads, part of a pressure vessel, formed in P275NH material. The methodology applied is based on the execution of a sequence of Heat Treatments, using different parameters. The process variables were the cooling velocity, the hold time and the hold temperature variation. As a result of this study, it is noticed that the mechanical properties of the materials are strongly influenced by the hold temperature variation and by the cooling velocity, both determined for the heat treatment cycle

Análise de um trocador de calor tipo serpentina de uma planta de hipoclorito de sódio

This study aims to analyze the capacity of a helical coil heat exchanger to reach the requested heat transfer rates by a sodium hypochlorite production process. This heat exchanger was installed in an experimental way in order to reuse a source of low-temperatures water in such a way to become a more economical alternative than the existing cooling tower. Firstly, the concepts related to the theory of heat transfer applicable to the case were introduced. Then, the mapping of the main information about the production process and the technical specification of the current cooling system equipment's was realized. Using the dimensions of the heat exchanger installed today as reference, the calculations for determining the ideal length of the coil to different flows of hot fluid were performed. Finally, it was concluded that the heat exchanger currently employed does not provide heat transfer rates required for the maximum flow rate value supported by the cooling tower