6 resultados para Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços

em Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP


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This study aimed to model a equation for the demand of automobiles and light commercial vehicles, based on the data from February 2007 to July 2014, through a multiple regression analysis. The literature review consists of an information collection of the history of automotive industry, and it has contributed to the understanding of the current crisis that affects this market, which consequence was a large reduction in sales. The model developed was evaluated by a residual analysis and also was used an adhesion test - F test - with a significance level of 5%. In addition, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8159 was determined, indicating that 81.59% of the demand for automobiles and light commercial vehicles can be explained by the regression variables: interest rate, unemployment rate, broad consumer price index (CPI), gross domestic product (GDP) and tax on industrialized products (IPI). Finally, other ten samples, from August 2014 to May 2015, were tested in the model in order to validate its forecasting quality. Finally, a Monte Carlo Simulation was run in order to obtain a distribution of probabilities of future demands. It was observed that the actual demand in the period after the sample was in the range that was most likely to occur, and that the GDP and the CPI are the variable that have the greatest influence on the developed model

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A fragmentação e a perda de habitat promovem a perda de biodiversidade, sendo que esses efeitos podem interferir nas comunidades presentes em paisagens antropizadas. Dentre as conseqüências destacamos processos ecológicos chave, como a herbivoria, dispersão de sementes, fluxo gênico e predação/consumo de recursos alimentares. Entender como as espécies respondem às alterações na paisagem é essencial para promover medidas eficazes de conservação e manejo da paisagem e, consequentemente, manutenção da biodiversidade e serviços ecossistêmicos associados. Sabe-se que predadores de topo e meso predadores exercem papel fundamental sobre diversos aspectos relacionados à cascata trófica. Considerando que a paisagem pode alterar a persistência e manutenção de populações de predadores, entender com se dá o efeito da fragmentação sobre tais organismos pode aumentar o entendimento de como se dá o uso e distribuição de recursos nos níveis imediatamente abaixo dos predadores. Todavia, pouca informação temos disponíveis sobre as consequências da alteração da paisagem sobre o consumo de recursos alimentares em geral. A jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) é um bom modelo para estudos dessa natureza uma vez que é carnívoro e pode interferir nas demais guildas da cadeia trófica, além da literatura apontar a espécie como sendo bastante sensível a alterações em seu habitat. O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar se a estrutura da paisagem em múltiplas escalas influencia o hábito alimentar da espécie. 43 Fezes de jaguatirica de oito fragmentos de Mata Atlântica Semidecidual foram coletadas na Região Metropolitana de Campinas, São Paulo. A dieta foi caracterizada segundo a porcentagem de fezes com o determinado item alimentar (pelos, penas, escamas, sementes, carrapatos etc). 93,02% das amostras continham pelos; 55,81% penas, 20,93% escamas de répteis Esperava-se que em fragmentos em paisagem mais degradados a dieta das...

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edge effect. Thus, under the influence of the adjacent matrix, fragments undergo microclimatic alterations that accentuate changes in species composition and community structure. In order to better understand edge and matrix effects on the richness and abundance of edaphic arthropods, this study assessed: (a) the difference between habitat (fragment) and non-habitat (matrix); (b) whether there is a continuous interior-edge-matrix gradient; and (c) the difference between matrices for arthropod orders richness and abundance. We selected 15 landscapes, 5 of which contained a cerrado fragment surrounded by sugarcane cultivation, 5 with a cerrado fragment within eucalyptus and 5 with a cerrado fragment within pasture. In each landscape the soil fauna was collected along with the soil and then extracted with the aid of the modified Berlese-Tullgren funnel. We chose the orders Coleoptera, Collembola, Mesostigmata and Oribatida for analysis, and after separation of the individuals we used model selection analysis via AIC. The model type fragment x matrix was the most likely to explain richness, total and relative abundances of the four orders (wAICc between 0,6623 and 1,0). The model of edge distance (edge effect) was plausible to total abundance and relative abundance of Mesostigmata order (wAICc=0,2717 and 0,186). Local environmental variables (soil texture, temperature and relative humidity), and fragment size were also measured to avoid confounding factors and were not presented as plausible models to explain the patterns. So edaphic arthropods, despite protecting themselves under the ground, are extremely sensitive to fragmentation, even with the replacement of natural habitat by agricultural use, such as sugarcane, pasture and eucalyptus. This group should be studied environmental impact assessments because provides important ecosystem se ravincde s inacnludd eisd ainn efficient bio-indicator

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)