10 resultados para Gestão de resíduos da construção
em Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo - UNESP
Resumo:
The construction industry is a large consumer of natural resources and one of the largest generators of residues with significant impacts on the environment. Because of the large production of Construction Industry Residues (RCC), it is essential reliable and updated information about generation, composition and classification sources of these residues, especially for management, recycling and final disposal. RCC represent the most part of solid residues generated in a city. In this way, the management of these residues is an issue that is gaining increasing importance in the Brazilian scenario, since the legal and society requirements to internalize the sustainability in the construction process - since the extraction, use, wastage savings, reutilization until the appropriate discard has been increasing in the last years. The present work objective is updating the quantities produced and collected in Guaratinguetá-SP, based on data collected with the municipal administrative entities that act direct or indirectly in the RCC management, elaborate a detailed bibliographic review, with special attention to the graduate works that were realized in FEG about this theme. With this material, scenarios to a better adequacy of the administrative structure to managements RCC activities, as well as was suggested actions to achieve these scenarios
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Planejamento e Análise de Políticas Públicas - FCHS
Resumo:
Desde o momento em que o homem passou a aglomerar-se em centros urbanos e formar as cidades, trouxe consigo ainda algumas das práticas que realizava no ambiente rural. Ainda que limitado pela disponibilidade de espaço nas cidades, o hábito de cultivar plantas ornamentais, comestíveis e medicinais, acompanhou o homem, e hoje, mesmo nos maiores centros urbanos pode-se encontrar diversas experiências dessas práticas. O interesse de órgãos públicos, privados e universidades por esse assunto vêm crescendo nas ultimas décadas, nas quais, cada vez mais, percebe-se a urgência de melhorar a qualidade socioambiental nos centros urbanos. A agricultura urbana e periurbana (AUP) tem se mostrado uma ferramenta muito eficaz para lidar com difíceis desafios das grandes cidades, como a gestão dos resíduos sólidos, da escassez de água, da insegurança alimentar e nutricional de populações marginalizadas, da diminuição da biodiversidade, da exclusão social e da má qualidade de vida, entre outras. A AUP mostra-se, além de tudo, muito versátil, podendo ser realizada em diversos contextos ambientais e sociais. Nesse trabalho, compilamos uma série de artigos e textos já publicados sobre esse tema, apresentando os principais conceitos envolvidos. Através de revisão bibliográfica sistematizamos informações teóricas recolhidas e disponibilizando-as de forma sucinta e clara, para que projetos nesse ramo tenham acesso a esse compilado. Inicialmente, agrupamos os referenciais teóricos sobre agricultura urbana a partir do conceito que a define como objeto de estudo. No segundo capítulo abordamos a relação entre as práticas de AUP e a Ecologia, buscando compreender a influência que essas práticas têm no ambiente urbano. No terceiro e último capítulo discutimos o papel que algumas instituições têm para o bom desenvolvimento de iniciativas em AUP. Ao longo dos três capítulos, apresentamos exemplos práticos que ocorrem no Brasil...
Resumo:
The Urban Solid Residues are the rests of human activity, popularly known by trash and considered by population like useless, undesirable and disposable. On the other hand, for the waste pickers, solid residues are the beginning of a cycle: they see in the other's people trash the only income, an economic value. Currently, in brazilian cities, one million collectors act, alone or in cooperatives, socially excluded by the work they do. The National Policy of Solid Residues (PNRS), instituted in 2010, established guidelines to the execution of integrated residues management, with should be practiced by city halls and other governmental institutions. This policy has, besides other things, goals of residues reduction and inclusion of waste pickers in the mechanism of selective collect and recycling. However, this and other public policies created for residue management are benefic only for cooperated waste pickers. That could negatively affect most of this class, since 90% are waste pickers working in a precarious way on the country's streets. This study has for objective show that most of waste pickers that work in a precarious way on the brazilian territory has a huge potential for the solid residues recycling chain and how they should be valued for the environmental services they provide, so they can be included with dignity on the society, ensuring economic and social benefits for this workers. The methodology adopted was based on the amount of residue collected by the 44 cooperated members of the Rio Claro‟s waste pickers cooperative to estimate the potential of collect and recycling did by 210 autonomous waste pickers who are active on city streets. It was observed that the cooperative collects the equivalent of 10.2% of all recyclable residues generated by city population. However, with the potential that these autonomous waste pickers have, which together could contribute 465 tonnes of solid residues per month, or 5,570 tons a year...
Resumo:
This work deals with the continuation of Scientific Initiation research initiated by Tamura (2012), which draws up a mixture of soil and recycled aggregate analysis for paving of low traffic volume roads using local materials from the Vale do Paraíba region. The main steps of the process were the soil and recycled aggregate characterization, along with grading tests and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) applied to the soil, the recycled aggregate and the mixture of soil and recycled aggregate; aiming their use as base and sub-base in paving urban roads. The results are discussed, emphasizing the mechanical behavior. The current results are compared with the results of IC Tamura research, taking decisions over this job to the final product best result. For a greater understanding of the work in general were described paving, its structure, its components and its physical behavior. It has been intended to emphasize the importance of the mixture of soil and recycled aggregate to meet the quality requirements and compliance with the specifications of current technical standards, in the context of durability, natural materials economy, decreases volume in landfills and cost reduction
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Planejamento e Análise de Políticas Públicas - FCHS 33004072069P5
Resumo:
As atividades exercidas em uma Instituição acadêmica resultam na formação de diversos tipos de resíduos entre eles um volume considerável daqueles provenientes de celulose, principalmente variedades de papel e papelão, sendo o primeiro utilizado em larga escala para a confecção de objetos para os mais variados fins, de atividades didáticas, usos para fins de limpeza, até documentos. O presente trabalho foi realizado integrado às práticas do projeto PGR (Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos) desenvolvido no campus da Unesp de Rio Claro, tendo como objetivo o diagnóstico do gerenciamento dos resíduos de papel e papelão, tais como as práticas de descarte, reciclagem e/ou reutilização vigentes para posterior elaboração de um manual para o gerenciamento ambientalmente correto de tais tipos de resíduos. Para esse levantamento foi elaborado um questionário (Check-list) que foi aplicado nos diferentes setores da UNESP entre Novembro de 2014 e Abril de 2015. A partir desse levantamento preliminar e da quantificação aproximada do montante de resíduos e das porcentagens reutilizadas/recicladas e as descartadas, visou-se propor melhorias no processo de gerenciamento deste tipo de resíduo. O montante de resíduos provenientes de papel gerado nos 50 setores avaliados, sendo 27 do Instituto de Biociências, 21 do Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas e dois de uso comum entre os dois institutos, foi de aproximadamente 190kg de material, embora observado que na maioria das vezes os papéis tenham sido eliminados junto a resíduos de outra natureza, até mesmo orgânicos. Também foram constatadas a proporção de setores que procuram reduzir e reutilizar seus resíduos, sendo que a reutilização de papéis diversos para rascunhos e a utilização de caixas de papelão para o armazenamento de variados objetos foram as práticas mais comumente observadas, sendo apresentadas em maior ou menor grau em 62% dos setores visitados
Resumo:
Recently in Brazil cities have been suffering strong influence concerning concepts of sustainable development and urban-environmental management in order to implement public policies. These approaches combined, subsidize fair democratic construction, along with citizen participation and transparency regarding the use of resources. This study was meant to address the evaluation of performance and environmental quality through the use of sustainability indicators as a tool for planning and management of municipal urban-environmental, its advantages, disadvantages and contributions to the effectiveness in the implementation of policies aimed at local sustainable development. The main objective of the study was to do a comparative analysis of the indicators used in Piracicaba, to the national indicator system and other municipal programs, and also, its application in urban and environmental planning. To achieve this goal, initially a topic selection was made based on a bibliographic analysis in order to discuss the use of management tools and municipal evaluation systems from the perspective of sustainability, showing the management tools such as laws, agreements, documents and mainly, sustainability indicators. It was then, prepared the case study carried out in Piracicaba, São Paulo municipality. With the obtained results, it was possible to provide a model which shows strengths and weaknesses of public actions and policies for the environment, such as project suggestions that could be applied aiming greater sustainability and continuous improvement of municipal environmental performance
Resumo:
The building budgeting quickly and accurately is a challenge faced by the companies in the sector. The cost estimation process is performed from the quantity takeoff and this process of quantification, historically, through the analysis of the project, scope of work and project information contained in 2D design, text files and spreadsheets. This method, in many cases, present itself flawed, influencing the making management decisions, once it is closely coupled to time and cost management. In this scenario, this work intends to make a critical analysis of conventional process of quantity takeoff, from the quantification through 2D designs, and with the use of the software Autodesk Revit 2016, which uses the concepts of building information modeling for automated quantity takeoff of 3D model construction. It is noted that the 3D modeling process should be aligned with the goals of budgeting. The use of BIM technology programs provides several benefits compared to traditional quantity takeoff process, representing gains in productivity, transparency and assertiveness
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)