Efeito da fragmentação sobre a persistência de anfíbios anuros (Amphibia: Anura) na Mata Atlântica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos da desconexão de habitat na diversidade funcional de anfíbios anuros (Amphibia: Anura) na Mata Atlântica

Amphibian populations worldwide have been suffering declines generated by habitat degradation, loss, fragmentation and habitat split. With habitat loss and fragmentation in the landscape comes habitat split, which is the separation between the adult anuran habitat and breeding sites, forcing individuals to move through matrix during breeding seasons. Thus, habitat split increases the chance of extinction of amphibians with aquatic larval development and acts as a filter in the selection of species having great influence on species richness and community structure. The use of functional diversity allows us to consider the identity and characteristics of each species to understand the effects of fragmentation processes. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of habitat split, as well as habitat loss in the landscape, on amphibians functional diversity (FD) and species richness (S). We selected 26 landscapes from a database with anuran surveys of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. For each landscape we calculated DF, S and landscape metrics at multiple scales. To calculate the DF we considered traits that influenced species use and persistence in the landscape. We refined maps of forest remnants and water bodies for metrics calculation. To relate DF and S (response variables) to landscape variables (explanatory variables), we used a model selection approach, fitting generalized linear models (GLMS) and making your selection with AICc. We compared the effect of model absence and models with habitat split, habitat amount and habitat connectivity effects, as well as their interaction. The most plausible models for S were the sum and interaction between habitat split in 7.5 km scale. For anurans with terrestrial development, habitat amount was the only plausible explanatory variable, in the 5 km scale. For anurans with aquatic larvae habitat amount in larger scales and the addition of habitat amount and habitat split were plausible...

Ecologia alimentar de Tatu-Peba, Euphractus sexcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758), na Fazenda Nhumirim, Pantanal da Nhecolância, MS

Studies on feeding ecology are important tools for the understanding of feeding strategies and niche dynamics. Information on the type of food consumed, how, and where it is acquired, enable the elucidation of species behavioral, evolutionary and ecological aspects. The diet study based on fecal material enables a low-cost, informative research and avoids the sacrifice of animals. The general aim of this study is to characterize the diet of Euphractus sexcinctus, the yellow-armadillo, based on fecal samples, to contribute with additional information on their feeding habits. The study was undertaken at the Nhumirim ranch, Pantanal da Nhecolândia, MS, during the months of February and March, 2014. The fecal material was collected during the manual capture of the animals and oven dried at 60°C. The food items found in the feces were sorted using a magnifying glass and separated in the following categories: plant matter, invertebrates and soil. Invertebrates were identified to the order level and the plant matter to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Aiming to evaluate the invertebrate availability in the soil, pitfall traps were installed next to the location where individuals were captured, during the months of April and May. We were able to estimate the frequency with which item was consumed during the studied period, and if there is a relationship between the frequency of consumed invertebrates and their availability environment. Among the analyzed samples, we could observe the frequency of occurrence (FO) of plant matter, invertebrates and soil in all the samples. The main invertebrate orders found in the samples were: Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Hymenoptera, with FO of 100%, 100% and 87,5%, respectively. Seeds were found in 100% of the samples. The FO of the Byrsonima orbignyana was high (62,5%), and evidences the potential of the yellow-armadillos as seed dispersers. The use of other techniques, such as the micro-histological...

Ecologia, consumo e sustentabilidade

O Desenvolvimento Sustentável tem sido pauta de diversos encontros globais que tentam solucionar as crises ambientais que vêm ocorrendo nas últimas décadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre os impasses identificados na concepção de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e o modelo de desenvolvimento econômico capitalista tal como está configurado pelos princípios do neoliberalismo. Partimos da hipótese da inviabilidade do Desenvolvimento Sustentável em um sistema capitalista neoliberal. Utilizamos como metodologia de análise a cartografia, por meio da qual desenhamos as paisagens emergentes na dinâmica do poder ao indicar os limites do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico. Contrapomos as deficiências do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico com as premissas do que poderiam caracterizar o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Desenvolvemos algumas reflexões acerca da sociedade de consumo e seus impactos na natureza. Apresenta-se as linhas de pensamento ecológico que discutem as maneiras de solucionar os problemas ambientais. Exercícios educacionais podem ser usados para a formação do compromisso de cada sujeito com a construção da comunidade. Refletir apenas nas contradições sociais não resolverá completamente a pressão exercida sobre os recursos naturais. A natureza não pode ser vista como um simples objeto estático que só se realiza a partir do trabalho humano, sua dinâmica deve ser considerada em sua totalidade. A sociedade não pode continuar a desenvolver meios de produção que aumentam a exploração da natureza. Uma nova estrutura social deve ser pensada, indo além das concepções marxistas e naturalistas, que promova justiça social e ambiental