Concordância espaço-temporal e intensidade de competição em grupos de baleia jubarte: evidências de uma série temporal de 10 anos

The theory of sexual selection states that individuals more capable of attracting, selecting and competing for partners are more successful on reproduction than the less fit individuals. Competition for sexual partners can be observed in different populations of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). These large cetaceans migrate seasonally from feeding areas, in high latitudes, to breeding areas, in low latitudes, where they spend the winter. During the breeding season females with and without calves are escorted by transient competitive groups of males. Seeking reproductive success in the same group, various males exhibit aggressive behaviors searching for proximity to the disputed female. Breeding areas are usually located in warm and shallow waters that provide greater security to newborn calves. The Abrolhos Bank, in the Bahia State, is the main breeding area of the species in Brazil. In this study, we used data collected in this region between 2003 and 2012. We tested the hypothesis that there is temporal fluctuation in the abundance of competitive groups and, thus, there is variation in the levels of competition among males during the breeding season. We expected to find higher competition at the beginning of the season since there are a large number of males competing for a small number of females available for mating, because some of them would still be pregnant with calves conceived on the previous year. As the pregnant females give birth to their calves and can again get into heat, the competition among males would be softened, represented by a smaller number of individuals in competitive groups and a larger number of groups sighted. To test this hypothesis we compared the number of individuals per group and number of groups sighted (response variables) between the beginning and the end of the reproductive season (explanatory variable) by using generalized linear models. We used the Living Planet Index (LPI),...

Desenvolvimento de células solares de perovskita baseadas em filmes de óxidos nanoestruturados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relações entre o cobrador do pênalti, o goleiro e o momento do jogo no futebol

The soccer is a sport that can be decided in a penalty, including world champions have already been defined For this, shoot a penalty or defend a penalty can build heroes and villains in this sport so popular and competitive. Studying penalty kicks will a better understanding of the actions of goalkeepers and kickers. This study looked at 527 penalty charges in professional games in 2010 to 2015. The objective was to verify the fact that the charge be right-handed or left-handed interfered with the action of the goalkeeper, differences in efficiency of left-and right-handed players, check results in penalty situations in the match and in the disputes of penalties and performance of players in club games and selections. The complete use in 527 penalty charges was 74%. It is concluded that if the debt collector is right-handed, the goalie moves to the right and if it's left-handed move more to the left. Tax collectors selections had better use (77%) than the clubs. Right-handers presented more efficacy (76%) compared to lefties (66%). The index of the goalkeepers was greater when centered (22%), although 91% of all charges being directed to the right and left sectors