Habilidades sociales y de comunicación en personas con discapacidad

En esta ponencia se ha mostrado un ejemplo de intervención mediante ejemplos prácticos del día a día del Terapeuta Ocupacional en su trabajo con las personas con discapacidad y enfermedad mental. Los puntos abordados han sido: 1. Terapia Ocupacional y discapacidad intelectual 2. Habilidades de comunicación. - Limitaciones de las personas con discapacidad en las habilidades de comunicación. Entrenamiento de habilidades de comunicación 3. Habilidades sociales -La importancia de la comunicación en las relaciones sociales - Limitaciones de las personas con discapacidad en habilidades sociales - Entrenamiento de habilidades sociales - Influencia de las habilidades sociales en la Calidad de vida 4. Role playing: Participación de los oyentes.

The influence of environmental distraction on cognitive abilities in ADL performance after frontal brain injured.

Background: Previous studies have reported errors in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) under the presence of distracting objects in dementia and brain injury patients. However, little is known about which distractor-target objects relation might be more harmful for performance. Method: We compared the ADL execution in frontal brain injured patients and control participants under two conditions: One in which target objects were mixed with distractor objects that constituted an alternative semantically related but non-required task (contextual condition) and another in which target objects were mixed with related but isolated distractors that did not constituted a coherent task (non-contextual condition). We separately analyzed ADL commission errors (repetitions, substitutions, objects manipulations, failures in sequence, extra actions) and omissions. In addition, the participants were evaluated with a neuropsychological protocol including a very specific executive functions task (Selective attention, Stimulus-Stimulus and Stimulus-Response conflict). Results: We found that frontal patients produced more commission errors compared to control participants, but only under the contextual condition. No between groups significant differences were found in omissions in both conditions or commission errors in non-contextual conditions. Scores in the Stimulus-Response conflict was significantly correlated with commission errors in the contextual condition. Conclusion: The presence of different non-target objects in ADL performance could require different cognitive process. Contextual ADL conditions required a higher level of executive functions, especially at the level of response (Stimulus-Response conflict). Application to Practice: Occupational therapists should control the presence of objects related to the target task according to the intervention objectives with the patients.