QTLs mapping for primary metabolites responsible of the organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is the berry fruit most consumed worldwide and is well-known for its delicate flavour and nutritional properties. However, fruit quality attributes have been lost or reduced after years of traditional breeding focusing mainly on agronomical traits. To face the obstacles encountered in the improvement of cultivated crops, new technological tools, such as genomics and high throughput metabolomics, are becoming essential for the identification of genetic factors responsible of organoleptic and nutritive traits. Integration of “omics” data will allow a better understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the accumulation of metabolites involved in the flavour and nutritional value of the fruit. To identify genetic components affecting/controlling? fruit metabolic composition, here we present a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using a 95 F1 segregating population derived from genotypes ‘1392’, selected for its superior flavour, and ‘232’ selected based in high yield (Zorrilla-Fontanesi et al., 2011; Zorrilla-Fontanesi et al., 2012). Metabolite profiling was performed on red stage strawberry fruits using gas chromatography hyphenated to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which is a rapid and highly sensitive approach, allowing a good coverage of the central pathways of primary metabolism. Around 50 primary metabolites, including sugars, sugars derivatives, amino and organic acids, were detected and quantified after analysis in each individual of the population. QTL mapping was performed on the ‘232’ x ‘1392’ population separately over two successive years, based on the integrated linkage map (Sánchez-Sevilla et al., 2015). First, significant associations between metabolite content and molecular markers were identified by the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis. Then, interval mapping (IM), as well as the multiple QTL method (MQM) allowed the identification of QTLs in octoploid strawberry. A permutation test established LOD thresholds for each metabolite and year. A total of 132 QTLs were detected in all the linkage groups over the two years for 42 metabolites out of 50. Among them, 4 (9.8%) QTLs for sugars, 9 (25%) for acids and 7 (12.7%) for amino acids were stable and detected in the two successive years. We are now studying the QTLs regions in order to find candidate genes to explain differences in metabolite content in the different individuals of the population, and we expect to identify associations between genes and metabolites which will help us to understand their role in quality traits of strawberry fruit.

Estudio y análisis traductológico de la traducción de Siray al-muluk de Abu Bakr al-Turtusi (451-520/1059-1126) realizada por Maximiliano Alarcón (1880-1933)

Se trata del análisis y el estudio traductológico de Lámpara de los príncipes, traducción de la obra Sirāŷ al-mulūk de Abū Bakr al-Turtūŝī. La obra es de gran importancia en las culturas árabe y española por su carácter político, social, ético y de doctrina islámica, en relación al Ándalus y el mundo cristiano e islámico contemporáneo, a obra y a autor (nacido y criado en Tortosa, residente en Zaragoza y otras ciudades de Al-Ándalus, en La Meca, Bagdad, Jerusalén, el Líbano, Rasid y Alejandría). Es por tanto una fuente de primer orden para la historia de al-Ándalus y Egipto y el momento político, social, filosófico y espiritual de principios del siglo XII en al-Andalus y Oriente Medio. En esta tesis, Además del análisis traductológico se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de la obra original y una nueva traducción de la misma. Durante el proceso de la traducción hemos realizado un glosario de términos y expresiones islámicos traducidos de árabe a español, de este trabajo se concluyó la necesidad de la elaboración de un nuevo diccionario de expresiones y términos islámicos árabe-español como material interesante en la traducción religiosa del árabe al español. Los estudios que se realizaron sobre la obra de al-Ṭurṭusi en español son muy pocos en comparación con los estudios realizados en árabe, aunque su autor fuese, efectivamente, español. Tampoco se le hizo un homenaje merecido a Alarcón por su grandiosa traducción de la obra. Este trabajo es una llamada a seguir descubriendo las joyas literarias, filosóficas, y traductológicas de la obra, en el idioma español.