Análisis de Deficiencias en Autoconcepto en Niños Diagnosticados con TDAH

El problema del que se parte a la hora de iniciar dicho estudio surge como consecuencia de la escasa cantidad de investigaciones que existen en torno a los déficit que se originan a nivel social y emocional en los individuos que padecen TDAH (Lavigne y Romero, 2010; Loro et al., 2009; Montañés et al., 2010; Mulas, Gandía, Roca, Etchepareborda, y Abad, 2012). De entre dichas variables, se ha elegido el autoconcepto por ser un constructo psicológico que va a resultar determinante en la configuración de la autoestima de los individuos, y consecuentemente, en su capacidad de adaptación al entorno. Además, se pretende analizar si la configuración de dicho constructo va a estar influido por variables directamente relacionadas con el trastorno (edad, número de hermanos, comorbilidad, tratamiento, puntuaciones obtenidas en el cuestionario DSM-IV para detección de síntomas de TDAH dirigido a padres y profesores). Para ello, se ha recogido información a través de un cuestionario de Autoconcepto (García, 2001) en torno a seis dimensiones: física, social, intelectual, familiar, personal y control; que engloba las propias opiniones de una muestra de 25 niños diagnosticados con el síndrome (de edades comprendidas entre 7 y 12 años), en torno a la percepción que tienen de sí mismos y a cómo creen que son valorados por los demás. Después de analizar los datos, se obtienen diferencias significativas en la correlación entre dimensiones del autoconcepto y las variables comorbilidad, edad y tratamiento dirigido al TDAH. Como conclusión y de acuerdo con el objetivo general de la investigación, hemos podido comprobar la necesidad de incorporar y dar una mayor relevancia a las variables relacionadas con aspectos soci-emocionales, en los protocolos de evaluación e intervención de dicho trastorno.

Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy: principles and applications

The study of photophysical and photochemical processes crosses the interest of many fields of research in physics, chemistry and biology. In particular, the photophysical and photochemical reactions, after light absorption by a photosynthetic pigment-protein complex, are among the fastest events in biology, taking place on timescales ranging from tens of femtoseconds to a few nanoseconds. Among the experimental approaches developed for this purpose, the advent of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy has become a powerful and widely used technique.[1,2] Focusing on the process of photosynthesis, it relies upon the efficient absorption and conversion of the radiant energy from the Sun. Chlorophylls and carotenoids are the main players in the process. Photosynthetic pigments are typically arranged in a highly organized fashion to constitute antennas and reaction centers, supramolecular devices where light harvesting and charge separation take place. The very early steps in the photosynthetic process take place after the absorption of a photon by an antenna system, which harvests light and eventually delivers it to the reaction center. In order to compete with internal conversion, intersystem crossing, and fluorescence, which inevitably lead to energy loss, the energy and electron transfer processes that fix the excited-state energy in photosynthesis must be extremely fast. In order to investigate these events, ultrafast techniques down to a sub-100 fs resolution must be used. In this way, energy migration within the system as well as the formation of new chemical species such as charge-separated states can be tracked in real time. This can be achieved by making use of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The basic principles of this notable technique, instrumentation, and some recent applications to photosynthetic systems[3] will be described. Acknowledgements M. Moreno Oliva thanks the MINECO for a “Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación” research contract. References [1] U. Megerle, I. Pugliesi, C. Schriever, C.F. Sailer and E. Riedle, Appl. Phys. B, 96, 215 – 231 (2009). [2] R. Berera, R. van Grondelle and J.T.M. Kennis, Photosynth. Res., 101, 105 – 118 (2009). [3] T. Nikkonen, M. Moreno Oliva, A. Kahnt, M. Muuronen, J. Helaja and D.M. Guldi, Chem. Eur. J., 21, 590 – 600 (2015).

OC-OT-LIBS: A novel approach to the chemical characterization of single particles

Spectral identification of individual micro- and nano-sized particles by the sequential intervention of optical catapulting, optical trapping and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is presented [1]. The three techniques are used for different purposes. Optical catapulting (OC) serves to put the particulate material under inspection in aerosol form [2-4]. Optical trapping (OT) permits the isolation and manipulation of individual particles from the aerosol, which are subsequently analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Once catapulted, the dynamics of particle trapping depends on the laser beam characteristics (power and intensity gradient) and on the particle properties (size, mass and shape). Particles are stably trapped in air at atmospheric pressure and can be conveniently manipulated for a precise positioning for LIBS analysis. The spectra acquired from the individually trapped particles permit a straightforward identification of the inspected material. The current work focuses on the development of a procedure for simultaneously acquiring dual information about the particle under study via LIBS and time-resolved plasma images by taking advantage of the aforementioned features of the OC-OT-LIBS instrument to align the multiple lines in a simple yet highly accurate way. The plasma imaging does not only further reinforce the spectral data, but also allows a better comprehension of the chemical and physical processes involved during laser-particle interaction. Also, a thorough determination of the optimal excitation conditions generating the most information out of each laser event was run along the determination of parameters such as the width of the optical trap, its stability as a function of the laser power and the laser wavelength. The extreme sensibility of the presented OC-OT-LIBS technology allows a detection power of attograms for single/individual particle analysis.

Libs in cultural heritage: recognition and identification of objects in an underwater archaeological shipwreck

Nowadays, one of the most important areas of interest in archeology is the characterization of the submersed cultural heritage. Mediterranean Sea is rich in archaeological findings due to storms, accidents and naval battles since prehistoric times. Chemical analysis of submerged materials is an extremely valuable source of information on the origin and precedence of the wrecks, and also the raw materials employed during the manufacturing of the objects found in these sites. Nevertheless, sometimes it is not possible to extract the archaeological material from the marine environment due to size of the sample, the legislation or preservation purposes. In these cases, the in-situ analysis turns into the only alternative for obtaining information. In spite of this demand, no analytical techniques are available for the in-situ chemical characterization of underwater materials. The versatility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been successfully tested in oceanography 1. Advantages such as rapid and in situ analysis with no sample preparation make LIBS a suitable alternative for field measurements. To further exploit the inherent advantages of the technology, a mobile fiber-based LIBS platform capable of performing remote measurements up to 50 meters range has been designed for the recognition and identification of artworks in underwater archaeological shipwrecks. The LIBS prototype featured both single-pulse (SP-LIBS) and multi-pulse excitation (MP-LIBS) 2. The use of multi-pulse excitation allowed an increased laser beam energy (up to 95 mJ) transmitted through the optical fiber. This excitation mode results in an improved performance of the equipment in terms of extended range of analysis (to a depth of 50 m) and a broader variety of samples to be analyzed (i.e., rocks, marble, ceramics and concrete). In the present work, the design and construction considerations of the instrument are reported and its performance is discussed on the basis of the spectral response, the remote irradiance achieved upon the range of analysis and its influence on plasma properties, as well as the effect of the laser pulse duration and purge gas to the LIBS signal. Also, to check the reliability and reproducibility of the instrument for field analysis several robustness tests were performed outside the lab. Finally, the capability of this instrument was successfully demonstrated in an underwater archaeological shipwreck (San Pedro de Alcántara, Malaga).

Galerismo y coleccionismo de arte contemporáneo en España. Reflexiones y perspectivas para un mercado del arte equilibrado y sostenible.

Conferencia y debate posterior con Chema de Francisco, Director de Estampa Feria Internacional de Arte Contemporáneo, que se celebra en Madrid desde 1993. La sesión consistió en un recorrido por diferentes aspectos que implican tanto el coleccionismo de arte como su repercusión profesional en el sistema del arte contemporáneo, estableciendo interesantes reflexiones acerca del sentido de hacer una colección, perfiles de coleccionistas o modos de comercialización del objeto artístico. Además de director de ESTAMPA, Chema de Francisco es socio fundador y vocal de 9915, Asociación de Coleccionistas Privados de Arte Contemporáneo. Desde 2010 es miembro del Consejo de Cultura de la Comunidad de Madrid. Sus proyectos de comisariado van desde el arte emergente con nuevos medios en Tangentes al Paisaje de jóvenes artistas en 2003 y Longitudes de Onda y SON, sobre videocreación, música contemporánea y arte sonoro para el Auditorio Nacional de Música en 2010 y 2011 respectivamente, hasta la recuperación de la fotografía de los años cincuenta de Gustavo Torner con exposiciones en distintas ciudades españolas, los libros de artista de Fernando Millán en el Círculo de Bellas Artes de Madrid en 2011 o la obra gráfica de Pablo Palazuelo en el Museo del Grabado en Málaga en 2010. Ha publicado sendos libros de conversaciones con el poeta Fernando Millán y el músico Llorenç Barber en Ardora Ediciones. Actualmente prepara la catalogación razonada de la obra gráfica de Pablo Palazuelo en colaboración con la Fundación Palazuelo. Como crítico ha publicado distintos estudios sobre la poesía experimental en España, sobre literatura y vanguardia española, sobre la obra de Pablo Palazuelo, Juan Eduardo Cirlot o Julián Ríos, y sobre la obra gráfica de José Manuel Broto, Miquel Barceló, José María Sicilia, Antoni Tapies, Pablo Palazuelo, José Manuel Ciria o Darío Urzay. Ha colaborado para Instituciones y Museos como Artium de Vitoria, Patio Herreriano de Valladolid, Esteban Vicente de Segovia, Fundación Juan March de Madrid, Museo Español de Grabado Contemporáneo, Museo Municipal de Málaga, Museo de Arte de Santander MAS, Fundación Rodríguez Acosta de Granada, Caja Granada, Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo en Alicante, Fundación Mercedes Calles en Cáceres, Instituto Cervantes o Calcografía Nacional en Madrid, entre otros. Chema de Francisco es licenciado en Ciencias de la Información por la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Amplía su formación con estudios de Filología y Literatura Española, Estética, Historia del Arte y Documentación en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, y Estética y Retórica Musical en el Centro para la Difusión de la Música Contemporánea y el Real Conservatorio de Música de Madrid.