Entrepreneurship and Economic Liberalization in the OECD Countries

Entrepreneurship displays remarkable differences across countries because of diverse factors. In this sense, it is frequently argued that economic liberalization encourages entrepreneurship. In this paper we address the extent to which economic freedom, understood as market economy oriented institutions and policies, matters for entrepreneurial activity through a panel data analysis for 78 countries during the period 2001-2012. We examine the relationship between the Fraser Institute’s economic freedom index and its five areas, and three entrepreneurial activity indicators from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, namely total entrepreneurial activity, necessity entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship. Economic freedom seems to increase opportunity entrepreneurship and decrease necessity entrepreneurship. Focusing on the OECD countries, we highlight that economic freedom is positively associated with entrepreneurship. In terms of entrepreneurship motivation, we find that a more flexible regulation of credit, labor and business, as well as entrepreneurial attitudes, may contribute to enhance opportunity entrepreneurship

Examinig the roloe of economic liberalization in entrepeneurship: a cross-country study

In the last few decades some authors have underlined the role of institutions and policies for entrepreneurship. North (1990) underlines that entrepreneurs are the main agents of change and that organizations, such as firms set up by entrepreneurs, adapt their activities and strategies to fit the opportunities and limitations provided through formal and informal institutional frameworks. Baumol (1990) hypothesizes that entrepreneurial individuals channel their efforts in different directions depending on the quality of prevailing economic, political, and legal institutions. Sobel (2008) asserts that better institutions have both more productive entrepreneurship and also less unproductive entrepreneurship. He stresses that the best path to foster entrepreneurship is through institutional reforms that constrain or minimize the role of government. In this context, economic freedom may be seen as a significant aspect for entrepreneurial activity and it is frequently argued that economic liberalization encourages entrepreneurship. In this paper we address the extent to which economic freedom, understood as market economy oriented institutions and policies, matters for entrepreneurial activity

Dos estrategias de búsqueda anytime basadas en programación lineal entera para resolver el problema de selección de requisitos

El problema de selección de requisitos (o Next Release Problem, NRP) consiste en seleccionar el subconjunto de requisitos que se va a desarrollar en la siguiente versión de una aplicación software. Esta selección se debe hacer de tal forma que maximice la satisfacción de las partes interesadas a la vez que se minimiza el esfuerzo empleado en el desarrollo y se cumplen un conjunto de restricciones. Trabajos recientes han abordado la formulación bi-objetivo de este problema usando técnicas exactas basadas en resolutores SAT y resolutores de programación lineal entera. Ambos se enfrentan a dificultades cuando las instancias tienen un gran tamaño, sin embargo la programación lineal entera (ILP) parece ser más efectiva que los resolutores SAT. En la práctica, no es necesario calcular todas las soluciones del frente de Pareto (que pueden llegar a ser muchas) y basta con obtener un buen número de soluciones eficientes bien distribuidas en el espacio objetivo. Las estrategias de búsqueda basadas en ILP que se han utilizado en el pasado para encontrar un frente bien distribuido en cualquier instante de tiempo solo buscan soluciones soportadas. En este trabajo proponemos dos estrategias basadas en ILP que son capaces de encontrar el frente completo con suficiente tiempo y que, además, tienen la propiedad de aportar un conjunto de soluciones bien distribuido en el frente objetivo en cualquier momento de la búsqueda.