Biomonitoramento da comunidade de macroinvertebrados de um reservatório de abastecimento público no sul do Brasil

The faunal inventory of the macroinvertebrate community is important to the environmental assessment, since this biota is sensitive to human disturbance. The reservoir of Rio Verde, located on the first plateau of Paraná, is inserted into an agricultural region with several forest fragments Araucaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental integrity of the reservoir through ecological indexes of macroinvertebrate community benthic and associated with macrophytes. Five sampling points were defined in the study area, which comprise distinct microhabitats in the basin. There were four sampling campaigns, each by weather station: Spring (2014); Summer (2015); Autumn (2015) and Winter (2015). In each sample were measured abiotic various parameters in the field and be collected water samples for nutrient analysis in the laboratory. The macroinvertebrates were collected in triplicate at adapted Macan method using mesh sieve 1 mm and CPUE (catch per unit effort) for 20 minutes. In order to pellet sample was used a dredger model Petersen 2L. Still in the field, by season, samples were collected from macrophytes Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell) Verdc. and Potamogeton montevidensis A. Benn. in triplicates in the fluvial region of the reservoir, to analyze the associated fractal dimension and macrofauna. For this we used a PVC sampler specific volume 0.025 m3. the following ecological descriptors were calculated in each case: abundance, wealth tax, wealth Margalef, Shannon-Wiener diversity, evenness evenness through the Past software. The index Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) for monitoring sampling points was also calculated. Regarding the statistical analysis, we used the analysis of PERMANOVA to compare points and seasons and canonical correspondence analysis (CCoA) for variables. Regarding M. aquaticum and P. montevidensis it was not verified difference to the average associated macroinvertebrates. However there was a difference for abundance of organisms in the fractal dimension and biomass of specimens. M. aquaticum is more complex and took more macrofauna in relation to P. montevidensis. Regarding the monitoring of the reservoir, it showed up mesotrophic with moderate nutrient concentrations and within the regulatory limits. Benthic macrofauna showed statistical differences in relation to the reservoir region, sample point and temporal variation. The BMWP index showed that the river region has the highest biotic integrity (in all samples above 70 points), and the ecological descriptors of wealth and Margalef diversity of Shannon- Wiener higher. In point 4 (dam downstream) were recorded evidence of possible impacts due to lower wealth and BMWP index which resulted in a questionable quality water. New approaches are needed to focus on the aquatic community in the best understanding of this ecosystem and also with a view to environmental preservation of the Green River Basin.

Avaliação de um sistema de resfriamento passivo para o clima de Curitiba

Direct evaporative cooling systems (DECS) based on sprinkling water indoors in the form of droplets and indirect evaporative cooling systems (IECS), characterized by the use of wetted roof or wall surfaces for cooling without increasing the indoor air moisture, consist of interesting bioclimatic strategies still not quite explored in Brazil. This study aims to evaluate the use of a particular form of IECS (which combines evaporative cooling and thermal mass brought about by a water reservoir) for indoor thermal control in warm conditions in Curitiba, Two test cells were initially built, monitored and compared to each other: a control module (CM) and an experimental module (EM), the latter provided with an evaporative pond. A subsequent configuration of the system which cancels out the evaporative function of the system and that is solely based on the increase of thermal mass, was tested in a second monitoring round. A third configuration of EM combinig evaporative cooling and the increase of termal mass was tested. Results showed a higher effectiveness of the IECS for the indoor cooling of the tested cells. The average temperature in EM was reduced in 2.5°C and the maximum temperature was reduced in 8.0°C in comparison with the CM. Results also showed a strong relation between the wet-bulb temperature depression and the internal temperature decrease achieved by the evaporative cooling strategy.