Modelo para distribuição de recursos nos municípios brasileiros baseado na lei de diretrizes orçamentárias, análise multicritério e programação linear

The municipal management in any country of the globe requires planning and allocation of resources evenly. In Brazil, the Law of Budgetary Guidelines (LDO) guides municipal managers toward that balance. This research develops a model that seeks to find the balance of the allocation of public resources in Brazilian municipalities, considering the LDO as a parameter. For this using statistical techniques and multicriteria analysis as a first step in order to define allocation strategies, based on the technical aspects arising from the municipal manager. In a second step, presented in linear programming based optimization where the objective function is derived from the preference of the results of the manager and his staff. The statistical representation is presented to support multicriteria development in the definition of replacement rates through time series. The multicriteria analysis was structured by defining the criteria, alternatives and the application of UTASTAR methods to calculate replacement rates. After these initial settings, an application of linear programming was developed to find the optimal allocation of enforcement resources of the municipal budget. Data from the budget of a municipality in southwestern Paraná were studied in the application of the model and analysis of results.

Metodologia participativa para repositórios de recursos educacionais abertos

This research deals with the use of a participatory design methodology to develop a repository of open educational resources, the Arcaz. Discusses key aspects of neutrality and determinism of technology within the context of Social Studies of Science and Technology and presents some concepts of critical theory of technology related to the democratic construction of technological artifacts. Discusses the philosophical heritage of the movements that led to the emergence of free software, open education and open educational resources and argues that participatory design share similar ideals. It presents concepts of human-computer interaction, interaction design and user centered design, important to enhance the user experience in information systems. It addresses the participatory design as a methodology that allows the democratic participation of users in the technological construction, promoting mutual learning and active voice for the participants. Develops a participatory design methodology adapted to the Arcaz context of use and provides the procedures for the meetings conducted to apply participatory design techniques to the repository and the results obtained. It concludes with a study of some of the interventions suggested in the system and orientations for future applications of participatory practices in the development of the repository and a list of best practices, focusing on ethical principles that should guide the participatory design.

Uma nova abordagem do método Level Set baseada em conhecimento a e priori da forma

The analysis of fluid behavior in multiphase flow is very relevant to guarantee system safety. The use of equipment to describe such behavior is subjected to factors such as the high level of investments and of specialized labor. The application of image processing techniques to flow analysis can be a good alternative, however, very little research has been developed. In this subject, this study aims at developing a new approach to image segmentation based on Level Set method that connects the active contours and prior knowledge. In order to do that, a model shape of the targeted object is trained and defined through a model of point distribution and later this model is inserted as one of the extension velocity functions for the curve evolution at zero level of level set method. The proposed approach creates a framework that consists in three terms of energy and an extension velocity function λLg(θ)+vAg(θ)+muP(0)+θf. The first three terms of the equation are the same ones introduced in (LI CHENYANG XU; FOX, 2005) and the last part of the equation θf is based on the representation of object shape proposed in this work. Two method variations are used: one restricted (Restrict Level Set - RLS) and the other with no restriction (Free Level Set - FLS). The first one is used in image segmentation that contains targets with little variation in shape and pose. The second will be used to correctly identify the shape of the bubbles in the liquid gas two phase flows. The efficiency and robustness of the approach RLS and FLS are presented in the images of the liquid gas two phase flows and in the image dataset HTZ (FERRARI et al., 2009). The results confirm the good performance of the proposed algorithm (RLS and FLS) and indicate that the approach may be used as an efficient method to validate and/or calibrate the various existing equipment used as meters for two phase flow properties, as well as in other image segmentation problems.