2 resultados para Fe-cr-b

em Repositório Institucional da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (RIUT)


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An ideal biomaterial for dental implants must have very high biocompatibility, which means that such materials should not provoke any serious adverse tissue response. Also, used metal alloys must have high fatigue resistance due the masticatory force and good corrosion resistance. These properties are rendered by using alpha and beta stabilizers, such as Al, V, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn. Commercially pure titanium (TiCP) is used often for dental and orthopedic implants manufacturing. However, sometimes other alloys are employed and consequently it is essential to research the chemical elements present in those alloys that could bring prejudice for the health. Present work investigated TiCP metal alloys used for dental implant manufacturing and evaluated the presence of stabilizing elements within existing limits and standards for such materials. For alloy characterization and identification of stabilizing elements it was used EDXRF technique. This method allows to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the materials using the spectra of the characteristic X-rays emitted by the elements present in the metal samples. The experimental setup was based on two X- rays tubes (AMPTEK Mini X model with Ag and Au targets), a X-123SDD detector (AMPTEK) and a 0.5mm Cu collimator, developed due to the sample characteristics. The other experimental setup used as a complementary technique is composed of an X-ray tube with a Mo target, collimator 0.65mm and XFlash (SDD) detector - ARTAX 200 (BRUKER). Other method for elemental characterization by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) applied in present work was based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) EVO® (Zeeis). This method also was used to evaluate the surface microstructure of the sample. The percentual of Ti obtained in the elementary characterization was among 93.35 ± 0.17% and 95.34 ± 0.19 %. These values are considered below the reference limit of 98.635% to 99.5% for TiCP, established by Association of metals centric materials engineers and scientists Society (ASM). The presence of elements Al and V in all samples also contributed to underpin the fact that are not TiCP implants. The values for Al vary between 6.3 ± 1.3% and 3.7 ± 2.0% and for V, between 0.26 ± 0.09% and 0.112 ± 0.048%. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), these elements should not be present in TiCP and in accordance with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the presence of Al should be <0.01% and V should be of 0.009 ± 0.001%. Obtained results showed that implant materials are not exactly TiCP but, were manufactured using Ti-Al-V alloy, which contained Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn. The quantitative analysis and elementary characterization of experimental results shows that the best accuracy and precision were reached with X-Ray tube with Au target and collimator of 0.5 mm. Use of technique of EDS confirmed the results of EDXRF for Ti-Al-V alloy. Evaluating the surface microstructure by SEM of the implants, it was possible to infer that ten of the thirteen studied samples are contemporaneous, rough surface and three with machined surface.

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Air pollution can threat the environment and public health, and is assess by pollutant ́s concentration measurements in order to verify whether the limits set by environmental agencies are being respected. However, these measures do not indicate immediately the impacts to living beings. To faced this problem, plants are been investigated as potential bioindicators of air pollution and, among them, stand out bromeliads Tillandsia genus which colonize various substrates,. obtaining water and nutrients from the atmosphere directly. In this context, this research assessed the potential of epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. found in urbanized areas of the city of Curitiba - PR as a bioindicator of urban air pollution. According to vehicle traffic, five sample points were selected and classified. Points P1 and P2 were classified as high-traffic vehicle due presenting trucks and urban transport; point P3 was classified as moderate traffic due the predominance of private vehicles and urban transport; and points P4 and P5 were classified as low-traffic, presenting circulation of private vehicles only. There were analyzed the abundance of T. recurvata, morphophysiological parameters (leaf area, leaf specific area, sclerophylly index, percentage dry weight / fresh weight, chlorophyll (a + b), analysis of structural mesophyll organization) and the heavy metals accumulation (Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn). The abundance analysis and the results obtained for metals analysis were correlated with the intensity of vehicular traffic, directing the sampling points P1 > P2 = P3 > P4 = P5. This result demonstrate that the abundance of T. recurvata is greater in urban air pollution impacted areas, thus indicating that T. recurvata absorbs and accumulates metals and can be used in biomonitoring of urban air pollution in areas impacted by vehicular traffic. Morphophysiological parameters analyzed shows that the internal plant ́s structure is not significantly impacted by urban air pollution due plant ́s adptations. The presence of absorbing scales, the CAM metabolism pathway and it ́s store water ability, among other features, demonstrate their potential as bio-indicator in urban areas, especially regarding heavy metals accumulation .