Aproveitamento de subprodutos da indústria de carne suína: caracterização físico-química do queijo de porco

Headcheese is a meat sausage originated from Europe made from hog slaughter by-products. It is a much appreciated product in the South of Brazil which is increasingly established in the market, however it does not have official regulations yet. This study aimed to present the physicochemical characterization of headcheese in a western Santa Catarina industry supervised by Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina and assess 10 different brands to find the relationship between chemical composition and texture profile analysis (TPA). Thus, the chemical composition, energy value, total nitrite, lipid oxidation and physical parameters (color and texture) were evaluated. The product exhibited great variability in moisture content, lipid and protein because the different formulations, processing and intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of raw material. The utilization of offal provided higher cholesterol and iron levels, and the high content of collagen was accountable for the shear force responses (7.84 ± 1.68 N). The product showed higher amount of sodium, due to the use of additives, but calcium levels were compatible with other sausages. There was a predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio was more favorable than other sausage in the same category. Nitrite assured preservation effects and thus lower product levels of oxidation were observed. The high Water Activity and pH 6.5 showed that the product is susceptible to growth of pathogens and requires cooling for preservation. Its brownish occurred due to cooking and production of metmyoglobin. There was a strong positive correlation between collagen and attributes of TPA, especially for chewiness (r = 0.855). The use of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis were able to separate three groups based on the amount of collagen and texture attributes, especially hardness, gumminess and chewiness.

Alternativas de uso da borra de café através de hidrólise ácida, enzimática, ou como substrato para a produção das enzimas: lacase e celulase

In the industrial production of soluble coffee, huge amounts of extracted coffee residues are generated; onaverage, for eachtonne of green coffee extracted, 480 kg of coffee ground waste is produced. This is a solid residue currently used to generate energy at the steam boilers from the soluble coffee industry. Some is also used or as fertilizer on agriculture fields. Seeking a better end use, the work reported here aimed to study the viability of hydrolyzing the coffee ground residue for the production of carbohydrates. Hydrolysis was undertaken with hydrochloric acid at different temperatures and pressures, using a water bath or autoclave.An enzymatic hydrolysis with Viscozyme Lwas developed using Whatman filter paper No1 and the optimal conditions were determined using a rotational central composite experimental design (DCCR).The best conditions to hydrolyze filter paper cellulose were 50 FBG (Fungal β-glucanase) of Viscozyme L at pH 4.0 for 1.0 h and 45 ºC. The ground coffee was hydrolyzed under the same conditions as described above for filter paper, however this enzymatic hydrolysis was not efficient. A combination of enzymatic hydrolysis as a pre-treatment for the ground coffee followed by acid hydrolysis using HCl conducted in an autoclave (120 C for 2.0 h) resulted in higher production of glucose as analyzed by HPLC. Another end use of the ground coffee evaluated was as source of substrate in the culture medium to grow Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 to produce the enzymes laccase and cellulase. Highest enzyme titres obtained were with 8% (w/v) coffee grounds to which was added a minimum salts medium(Vogel), under agitation conditions (180 rpm) at 28ºC. The phenolic compounds present in the coffee grounds appear to have induced laccase by Botryosphaeria rhodina.

Material para construção civil a partir de lodo de estação de tratamento de água, lama de polimento de mármore e resíduo de produção de cal

The rapid population growth is the great motivator for the development of the construction industry and the increased demand for drinking water, resulting in a gradual increase in the generation of solid waste. Thus, this work was carried out in order to recycle industrial and municipal wastes incorporating them into materials for civil construction. The composite produced from water treatment sludge and marble polishing mud, applying lime production waste as a binder, was evaluated for its mechanical performance and its morphological structure. The raw materials were characterized for their chemical composition, mineralogy, morphology, particle size and also the moisture content. With the featured materials nine compositions have been developed varying the content of the water treatment sludge between 25 to 50%, marble polishing mud between 35 to 50% and the lime production waste between 10 to 30%. The composites were subjected to mechanical strength tests, water absorption, chemical and mineralogical composition and morphology. The developed materials presented, on the 3rd day of hydration, maximum strength value of 4.65 MPa, the 7th day 6.36 MPa, on the 14th day 6.74 MPa, the 28th day 5.98 MPa, on the 60th day 8.52 MPa at 90th day 11.75 MPa and 180th day 12.06 MPa. The water absorption values after 28 days of hydration ranged from 16.27% to 26.32% and after 90 days, from 13.57% to 23.56%.