Efeito de agentes de controle sobre a qualidade reprodutiva de rainhas de Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) africanizadas

The agriculture with the use of products with less environmental impact is expanding. In it, the producers offer their products without the use of synthetic chemical inputs, solving the phytosanitary problems with the use of biological or alternative control agents such as parasites, predators, entomopathogenic, alternative products, plant extracts and essential oils. These products can be considered safe to non-target organisms, but studies are needed to find these features on natural enemies and on the beneficial insects such as bees, common frequenter of cultures. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the effects of control over reproductive quality queens of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Africanized. For this, it tested the action of control products on the production of A. mellifera queens, using the commercial entomopathogenic fungus Boveril® 1,0x108 (Beauveria bassiana) and aqueous extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) at a concentration of 5% sterile distilled water with Tween (0.01%) and sterile distilled water (controls). The treatments were incorporated into a tissue type gauze, wrapped in an acrylic plate and packed inside minirrecrias type colonies for the production of queens on the day before the transfer of larvae. The next day were introduced battens with 30 domes with larvae to produce queens, so the workers have contacted the agent tested. From the emergence of all the queens, they were monitored to determine the measures of body weight (mg), length and width of wing and abdomen, length, width and height of the chest (mm) as well as the time of emergence of queens. The next step was evaluated the influence of the control agents in production creates, performing measurements of creating areas in cm2 for six straight weeks. It was found that the area creates Queens did not differ among the treatments. Histological analysis of hipofaringeanas of workers glands that came into contact with the control agents and the midgut of virgin queens were also held. Histological analysis differences were observed in the tissues when the treatments were compared with the respective controls.

Uso de diferentes agentes ligantes no desenvolvimento de barra de cereal salgada adicionada de chia (Salvia hispânica L.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate different binders when preparing salt cereal bars and to characterize them as physical, physico-chemical and sensory parameters. Four formulations of different cereal bars using binders have been developed. The evaluated binders were collagen, guar gum, xanthan gum and psyllium. The developed cereal bars were evaluated according to their physical characteristics (color and texture), physicochemical (pH, moisture, ash, protein, lipids, Aw, crude fiber) beyond their calorie, fatty acid composition and concentration of the main minerals. Among the four binding agents evaluated, psyllium stood out due to its physicochemical characteristics. A cereal bar high in protein and fiber; low in carbohydrates and water activity. The binding agent guar gum and xanthan showed characteristics similar to psyllium, especially regarding to fiber content. Collagen as binder gave the final product a high level in protein and lipid. The color and texture analyzes showed that the salt cereal bars had the color and crispness characteristics for this type of product. Regarding to the composition in the fatty acid, the developed bars offer a good supply of essential fatty acids to the human body. The same was observed regarding to mineral contents. Sensory, salt cereal bars made with chia showed good acceptability, highlighting the elaborate bar with psyllium binder. Different binders demonstrated technological efficiency in the preparation of salt cereal bars. The binder psyllium agent over others showed better physical-chemical and sensory characteristics. However, in general the product has healthy and nutritional characteristics it may be indicated for a protein diet with high fiber content and free sugars.