3 resultados para Patrimônio cultural Brasil
em Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Resumo:
Le thme du patrimoine culturel architectural et urbain continue d avoir une place importante dans le milieu technique et scientifique. Le concept s est largi et aujourd hui comprend diffrentes procdures de projets d intervention. L importance accorde au thme amne l inclusion de la matire de techniques rtrospectives et aux contenus qui en sont lis: conservation, restauration, restructuration et reconstruction d difices et ensembles urbains, dans les parcours des cours d architecture et d urbanisme au Brsil tablies par le Ministre de l Education Nationale (MEC) dans les annes quatre-vingt-dix, postrieurement incorpors dans les directrices disciplinaires nationales. Nous partons des discussions thoriques et conceptuelles du Domaine du Patrimoine Culturel, ainsi que des principales thories pdagogiques d enseignements et d apprentissage articules au projet. Dans ce contexte les objectifs principaux de cette thse consistent systmatiser et analyser les principales procdures mthodologiques contribuant pour la construction de mthodes d enseignement tourne vers des activits pratiques dans ce domaine. Pour cela, la recherche a t systmatise dans une approche deux niveaux. En ce qui concerne le premier, bas sur des donnes secondaires, neuf cours d architecture et urbanisme ont ts identifis entre institutions publiques d enseignement suprieur dont huit brsiliennes et une franaise, considres reprsentatives en ce qui concerne les pratiques d enseignement de projet et de patrimoine culturel. Trente disciplines ddies la matire ont t galement reconnues initialement, et postrieurement, cinq disciplines qui possdent un emploi du temps ddi la pratique de projet ont aussi t reconnues. Dans le deuxime cas, base sur des donnes primaires, ont ts analyses les mthodologies et les stratgies d enseignement de projet bases sur les dfinitions des matires et des autres lments des plans de travail avec des observations, des entrevues et des questionnaires en trois ateliers. Par rapport aux rsultats nous avons constat que toutes les coles possdent les contenus de la matire, mais peu d entre elles privilgient la relation du projet appliqu au patrimoine culturel. Nous avons constat que les questions des projets dans ce contexte, mme s elles sont considres complexes, ont privilgi le listage et l analyse du site. L atelier qui intgre les fondements des thories de prservation, l histoire de l architecture et urbanisme et techniques anciennes et actuelles, est mis en valeur comme un modle cohrent avec les propositions d intgration des connaissances thoriques et pratiques du projet appliqu la discipline. Bas sur ces constatations il est possible de dmontrer quatre tapes du projet appliqu au patrimoine culturel: 1) les fondements gnraux qui concernent les bases thoriques sur la prservation, histoire et technique rtrospective, par exemple, l appropriation de lois et normes et la sensibilisation de l lve sur les questions de patrimoine culturel; 2) le contacte avec la ralit qui inclut l appropriation du problme partir de ces acteurs, de ces chelles, de cette lecture de site et l analyse de l objet d tude; 3) le dveloppement de la proposition qui inclut programmes (fonctions existantes et propositions), dfinitions du partit (types d intervention), conception (hypothse et discussion) et dfinition de proposition; 4) la finalisation du projet qui consiste dvelopper la proposition avec sa reprsentation graphique et sa prsentation finale. Nous concluons que le projet en Domaine du Patrimoine Culturel demande une attention spciale et doit tre prsent dans les cursus considrant les principes gnraux ncessaires la formation de l lve. Le binme projet / patrimoine signifie avoir dans le cursus universitaire les contenus et questions ncessaires les connaissances, les variables et possibilits existantes dans le projet appliqu au patrimoine culturel de faon ce que ces connaissances soient incorpores dans l exercice de projet et n apparaissent pas comme un simple contenu thorique sans articulation avec la pratique. Naturellement ces conclusions n puisent pas la rflexion sur la question. Nous esprons que les analyses faites contribuent dfinir des mthodologies d enseignements capables d tres vrifies et testes dans la pratique en salle de cours, et puisse collaborer avec les nouvelles recherches surtout celles qui ont pour but des nouvelles thories pdagogiques d enseignement apprentissage du projet en Domaine du Patrimoine Culturel
Resumo:
Contemporary studies have shown that the evolution of the heritage concepts is accompanied by an affirmation of the importance of social participation in recognizing heritage values and in managing cultural assets. We used the Brazilian context to emphasize the challenges for democratizing this process. This problematic is discussed based on the cases of Cidade Altaand Ribeira, neighborhoods that date from the formation of Natal-RNand have cultural assets recognized by levels of government. The study builds elements to answer the research question: what meanings and representations does the culturalheritage in the case study have for its users? The research method analyzes the representations and the meanings of the neighborhoods, firstly is based on historiographical studies, memories records of the city and on the process of heritage management. Secondly, it isbased on the field research, it is structured in environmental perception studies (areas of Environmental Psychology, Architecture and Urbanism) and has been applied with users with different bonds with the studied environment (residents, workers and visitors). The data were obtained with the multi-method which included direct observation, questionnaire survey and mentalmaps (that replicate Kevin Lynch). The analysis of result verified the research hypothesis, emphasizing aspects of the relationship between users and cultural heritage relevant to strengthening collective memory, local identity, contributing to heritage management. Among the results, the socio-environmental image obtained which emphasized a "cultural axis" linkingboth studied neighborhoods and confirms the influences of elements rein the memories records of the city and in the area s management. Identified aspects to strengthen the relationship between the users and cultural assets, such as the presence of placeswith affective ties to certain groups, as well as the need to fight off negative images (of degradation and insecurity) associated to the site and also expand the participation of the population, including residents, in policies and cultural activities. After all, recognition of value and the involvement of societycultural assets have the potential of contribute to integrate city development with heritage conservation
Resumo:
Recent studies concerning the landscape have investigated the most important activities that contribute for its modification and have tried to better understand the society through the marks left by its quotidian. It is understood that singular landscapes constitute the cultural patrimonies of the cities, once they are part of the daily life of the citizens and are present in their social representations. Some contemporary authors defend the preservation of the natural and urban landscape trying, specially, to keep its importance for the local population. Natal is a city where the ambient qualities are well defined and known by the beauty of the area where it is located. Situated just between a river and the sea, the city grew following its geographic characteristics. The Potengi River, the Atlantic Ocean and the vast dunes ecosystem represented natural limits to the urban expansion; at the same time they have favored the development of a landscape pattern marked by the dialectic between the natural elements and the human interventions. However, this relationship changed after the intensification of the high rising development process that took place since the 1960s. The urban legislation tried to preserve the features of the local landscape delimiting Areas for Controlling Building High , destined to protect the scenic value of some parts of the city. On the other hand, the civil construction sector has made constant pressure in sense to abolish or to modify this legal instrument, aiming profits that have increased, in the 1990s, because of the consumption and the qualification of the urban space for tourist activities. It is necessary the raising of new elements to stimulate the quarrel about the landscape preservation, the process of the urban space production and the best way for the legislation implementation. This work tries to raise elements about the subject at local level, in sense to use Natal City experience to contribute for the formulation of indicators to raise the question about the lack of measure for subjective values, for example the cultural and affective value of the landscape. The natural elements inserted in the urban profile, represent strong visual references and supply identity to the town; they are part of the collective imaginary and are detached in the social context of the city. Then, why the preservation of the landscape, that estimates the improvement in the quality of life, is not enough to justify the controlling building high already previewed as part of Natal City Legislation? These questions send us to the approach of the landscape, as a community patrimony, alerting that some of its significant esthetics attributes must be preserved as a legacy for the future generations
