Estudo e análise técnica e interpretativa do papel principal de tenor nas óperas Lucia di Lammermoor (Edgardo) e L' Elisir d' Amore (Nemorino) de Gaetano Donizetti

Nesta dissertação pretendemos analisar a interpretação do papel do tenor nas óperas Lucia di Lammermoor e L´Elisir d´Amore de Gaetano Donizetti, estudando os principais fatores que influenciaram a interpretação do papel do tenor e como esta mudou ao longo dos anos, por comparação de gravações destas óperas com 50 anos de intervalo entre si. O período do bel canto está associado à linha de canto ornamentada para exprimir emoções, o que, em conjunto com outros aspetos, fez com que a voz de tenor passasse a ter uma emissão distinta, especialmente no registo agudo. O contexto histórico e musical desta época, bem como os desenvolvimentos técnicos que se verificaram, influenciaram a forma de cantar e introduziram o tenor como papel principal nas óperas, com todos os desafios de cantar na zona de passagem, de domínio da respiração e de respeito pelas diversas formas de expressão musical que os compositores do período do bel canto usavam como veículos de interpretação e expressão dos sentimentos. A escolha destas duas óperas de Donizetti assenta num gosto pessoal e no meu interesse em estudar os contrastes dos personagens Edgardo e Nemorino, que são apresentados nesta dissertação sob o ponto de vista interpretativo, analisando a problemática de cada papel e a forma como o percurso tonal destas obras influencia as performances dos intérpretes; Abstract: STUDY AND ANALYSIS TECHNICAL-INTERPRETATION OF THE LEADING ROLE OF THE TENOR IN THE OPERAS LUCIA DI LAMMERMOOR (EDGARDO) AND L´ELISIR D´AMORE (NEMORINO) OF GAETANO DONIZETTI In this dissertation we analyze the interpretation of the tenor role in the operas Lucia di Lammermoor and L´Elisir d´Amore by Gaetano Donizetti, studying the major factors that influenced the tenor role interpretation and how it developed along the years, by comparing two recordings of these operas recorded 50 years apart from each other. The period of the bel canto is associated with the vocal ornamentation to express emotions which, as a consequence and together with other aspects, required technical changes to the tenor voice, in particular the high register. The historic and musical context of this time, as well as the technical developments that happened then, influenced the way of singing and introduced the tenor as the main role in operas, with all the challenges to sing in the passagio, to master the breathing process and to use all the forms of musical expression that the bel canto composers used as vehicles to interpret and express feelings. The choice of these two operas by Donizetti is based on personal taste and also on the interpretative contrasts between the roles of Edgardo and Nemorino, studied in this dissertation in terms of their interpretation, their problematic and how the harmony of these operas influences the interpretation of the singers.

Impacts of crop level, soil and irrigation management in grape berries of cv ‘Trincadeira’ (Vitis vinifera L.)

Berry size and crop yield are widely recognized as important factors that contribute to wine quality. The final berry size indirectly affects the phenolic concentration of the wine due to skin surface-to-berry volume ratio. The effects of different irrigation levels, soil management and plant crop level on growth of ‘Trincadeira’ berries were studied. In order to test the influence of different irrigation levels (rainfed, pre-veraison and post-veraison), different soil management (tillage and natural cover crops) and different plant crop levels (8 and 16 clusters per vine), leaf water potential, skin anthocyanin, polyphenols, berry skin and seed fresh weight were measured in fruits. The segregation of berries into three different berry classes: small, medium and large, allowed to identify different levels of contribution of soil management and irrigation level into berry, skin and seeds ratios. As expected, higher water availability due to irrigation and soil tillage management during berry development induced an increase in berry flesh weight and this was more evident in larger berries; however, berry skin and seed fresh weight remained unchanged. Also, anthocyanins did not show significant differences.