Quality of Judgment Assessment

The intersection of Artificial Intelligence and The Law stands for a multifaceted matter, and its effects set the advances on culture, organization, as well as the social matters, when the emergent information technologies are taken into consideration. From this point of view, the weight of formal and informal Conflict Resolution settings should be highlighted, and the use of defective data, information or knowledge must be emphasized. Indeed, it is hard to do it with traditional problem solving methodologies. Therefore, in this work the focus is on the development of decision support systems, in terms of its knowledge representation and reasoning procedures, under a formal framework based on Logic Programming, complemented with an approach to computing centered on Artificial Neural Networks. It is intended to evaluate the Quality-of-Judgments and the respective Degree-of-Confidence that one has on such happenings.

Uma abordagem experimental de fatores da adesão à medicação em idosos: barreiras e facilitadores

Este estudo teve como objetivo perceber de que forma certos fatores mencionados como determinantes da adesão à medicação, nomeadamente severidade da condição clínica (SCC), confiança no clínico, complexidade do regime e custo dos medicamentos influenciam os juízos de adesão por parte de idosos. Replicando a investigação de Diniz, Oliveira, e Santos (2016) sobre a doença cardíaca (DC), recorreu-se a uma tarefa experimental composta pela combinação dos diferentes níveis dos fatores, pediu-se aos 72 participantes que avaliassem o nível de adesão percebida à medicação de um hipotético doente com diabetes Tipo II. Através da ANOVA mista de medidas repetidas verificou-se que a SCC surgiu como o único determinante da adesão, revelando, tal como na DC, a importância do afeto como informação. Contudo, a diabetes Tipo II gerou menos pavor do que a DC, com os restantes fatores a não influenciar a adesão por causa de preferências enviesadas para o presente; An experimental approach of factors of medication adherence in elderly: Barriers and facilitators Abstract: The purpose of this study was to understand how certain factors mentioned as determinants of adherence to medication, namely severity of clinical condition (SCC), trust in the clinician, regimen complexity and cost of medication, influence the judgments of adherence by the elderly. Replicating the investigation of Diniz, Oliveira, e Santos (2016) about heart precondition (HP), an experimental task composed by scenarios combining the different levels of the factors was used, asking 72 participants to rate the degree of perceived adherence to medication of a hypothetical patient with Type II diabetes. Through mixed repeated measures ANOVA it was found that SCC emerged as the only determinant of adherence, revealing, as in HP, the importance of affect as information. However, the clinical condition Type II diabetes generated less dread than the HP, not influencing adherence because of present-biased preferences.

Into the looking glass: Literacy acquisition and mirror invariance in preschool and first-grade children

At what point in reading development does literacy impact object recognition and orientation processing? Is it specific to mirror images? To answer these questions, forty-six 5- to 7-year-old preschoolers and first graders performed two same–different tasks differing in the matching criterion-orientation-based versus shape-based (orientation independent)-on geometric shapes and letters. On orientation-based judgments, first graders out- performed preschoolers who had the strongest difficulty with mirrored pairs. On shape-based judgments, first graders were slower for mirrored than identical pairs, and even slower than preschoolers. This mirror cost emerged with letter knowledge. Only first graders presented worse shape-based judgments for mirrored and rotated pairs of reversible (e.g., b-d; b-q) than nonreversible (e.g., e-ә) letters, indicating readers’ difficulty in ignoring orientation contrasts relevant to letters.